Asynchronous programming skills in PHP high concurrency processing

Asynchronous programming skills in PHP high concurrency processing

With the rapid development of the Internet, high concurrency processing has become a common requirement in website development. For developers who use PHP as a development language, how to effectively handle high concurrent requests has become a challenge that must be faced.

The traditional way of processing requests in PHP is synchronous blocking, that is, each request must wait for the previous request to end before it can be processed. This method is no problem in low concurrency situations, but in high concurrency situations it can easily cause server resources to be exhausted, response time to become longer, or even service crashes.

In order to solve this problem, asynchronous programming techniques came into being. Asynchronous programming allows us to handle multiple requests at the same time, improve server throughput and reduce response time. Below I will introduce to you several common techniques for implementing asynchronous programming in PHP.

1. Using coroutines
Coroutines are lightweight threads that can be paused during execution and resume execution when needed. PHP can achieve non-blocking asynchronous programming by using coroutines.

<?php
go(function () {
    $result = co::exec("http://example.com/api");
    // 处理$result
});

In the above example, the go function provided by Swoole is used to start a coroutine and perform non-blocking http requests in it. Through the characteristics of coroutines, we can process multiple requests at the same time and improve processing efficiency.

2. Use multiple processes
In high concurrency situations, using multiple processes to handle requests is an effective way. PHP provides the pcntl series of functions to help us implement multi-process programming.

<?php
$workers = [];
$workerNum = 10; // 开启的进程数量

// 创建子进程
for ($i = 0; $i < $workerNum; $i++) {
    $pid = pcntl_fork();
    
    if ($pid < 0) {
        die('fork failed');
    } elseif ($pid > 0) {
        // 父进程
        $workers[(string)$pid] = $pid;
    } else {
        // 子进程
        //处理请求
        exit();
    }
}

// 主进程等待子进程退出
foreach ($workers as $pid) {
    pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status);
}

The above code uses the pcntl_fork function to create multiple child processes, each child process is responsible for processing a request. Through multi-processing, multiple requests can be processed in parallel to improve the concurrent processing capability of the server.

3. Use the queue mechanism
Queue is a common asynchronous processing method. By putting the request into the queue and then consuming the request from the queue, request blocking can be avoided.

<?php
// 生产者
function produce($request)
{
    // 将请求加入队列
    $queue->push($request);
}

// 消费者
function consume($queue)
{
    while (true) {
        if (!$queue->isEmpty()) {
            // 从队列中取出请求并处理
            $request = $queue->pop();
            // 处理请求
        }
        
        // 睡眠一段时间再继续循环
        usleep(100);
    }
}

The above code uses a queue to save requests. The producer is responsible for adding the request to the queue, and the consumer is responsible for removing the request from the queue for processing. Through the queue mechanism, we can process requests asynchronously and improve the concurrent processing capabilities of the server.

Summary
The above introduces several asynchronous programming techniques in PHP high concurrency processing, including the use of coroutines, multi-processes and queue mechanisms. These techniques can help us improve the throughput of the server and reduce the response time, so as to better handle high concurrent requests. In actual development, appropriate asynchronous programming techniques can be selected and applied according to specific situations.

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