What are the methods for converting time format in Python?

A time tuple

1. Interaction between time tuple and timestamp

import time,datetime
# 获取当前时间的时间元组
t = time.localtime()
print(t)
# 时间元组转时间戳
timestamp = time.mktime(t)
print(timestamp)
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=23, tm_hour=23, tm_min=15, tm_sec=41, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=296, tm_isdst=0)
# 1571843741.0
# 获取时间戳
ts = time.time()
# 时间戳转时间元组
# 方法一
print('法一：',time.localtime(ts))
# 方法二
print('法二：',time.gmtime(ts))
# 两种方法的区别只有小时的输出不同，法一的小时是24小时制的，法二是12小时的
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=23, tm_hour=23, tm_min=10, tm_sec=14, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=296, tm_isdst=0)
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=23, tm_hour=15, tm_min=10, tm_sec=14, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=296, tm_isdst=0)

2. Interaction between time tuple and string Transformation

import time
# 字符串转时间元组
# 字符类型的时间
t1 = '2013-10-10 23:40:00'
# 转为时间元组，时间元组本身没有直接的用处，但它可以输出时间的年月日时分秒等
# 注意这里的字符串除了%Y %m %d %H %M %S分别代表字符串中的年月日时分秒，
# 这里的格式必须和字符串一模一样，由于字符串中间有空格，它也不能少
timeArray = time.strptime(t1, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print('并没有直接的用处：', timeArray)
print('输出年：', timeArray.tm_year)
print('输出月：', timeArray.tm_mon)
print('输出日：', timeArray.tm_mday)
print('输出时：', timeArray.tm_hour)
print('输出分：', timeArray.tm_min)
print('输出秒：', timeArray.tm_sec)
# 当用%Y时表示的是年份的全称，当用%y时表示简称，
# 月份和小时没有这种用法，它们只用小写，时分秒的貌似只用大写
t2 = '19/09/05 22/16'
timeArray = time.strptime(t2, "%y/%m/%d %H/%M")
print(timeArray)
# 并没有直接的用处： time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=23, tm_min=40, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=283, tm_isdst=-1)
# 输出年： 2013
# 输出月： 10
# 输出日： 10
# 输出时： 23
# 输出分： 40
# 输出秒： 0
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=9, tm_mday=5, tm_hour=22, tm_min=16, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=248, tm_isdst=-1)
# 时间元组转字符串
ts = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S", timeArray)
print(ts)
# 2019/09/05 22:16:00

Two strings and timestamps

Strings and timestamps cannot be converted directly, and must be completed through time tuples, which are intermediaries.

Conversion diagram:

Usage of addition and subtraction of three times

Time tuples cannot be added or subtracted, only the time in datetime format can be added or subtracted. Below After the string is converted to datetime, time addition and subtraction operations are performed.

import datetime
start = '2019-07-28 00:00:08'
end = '2019-07-29 00:50:03'
# 先将字符串转化为时间格式
a = datetime.datetime.strptime(start, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
b = datetime.datetime.strptime(end, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(a,b)
# 只能直接计算秒和天,其它的不能
# seconds获得的秒只是时间差中的小时、分钟和秒部分的和，并没有包含时间差的天数
print((b-a).seconds)
# total_seconds来获取准确的时间差，并将时间差转换为秒
print((b-a).total_seconds())
# 如果不够一天,会输出0
print((b-a).days)
# 时间相加
c = a + datetime.timedelta(hours=5,seconds=68)
d = a - datetime.timedelta(days=69,minutes=89)
print(c,d)
# 2019-07-28 00:00:08 2019-07-29 00:50:03
# 2995
# 89395.0
# 1
# 2019-07-28 05:01:16 2019-05-19 22:31:08

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