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There are two main locations for Linux software installation: 1. The "/opt" directory is a directory for installing additional software on the host. It is a user-level program directory. It is often used to place additional large-scale programs. Software; 2. The "/usr/local" directory is a user-level program directory under "/usr". Software installed by users generally chooses to install it in this directory.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.
There are two main installation locations under Linux, which are the /opt directory and the /usr/local directory.
opt is the abbreviation of optional. This is the directory where additional software is installed for the host. It is a user-level program directory. , the default is empty.
This is often used to place additional large-scale software. For example, if you install an ORACLE database, you can place it in this directory.
/usr/local/src is the user-level source code storage directory. Most of the installation paths under Linux are completely determined by yourself. The above is just a suggestion. Other factors need to be considered during actual installation. In general Generally speaking, the installation location is determined based on ease of use and management. Generally, large-scale software or some service programs are installed in the /opt directory, and ordinary software is generally installed in the usr/local directory.
Linux Check the software installation path
In Linux, if the user does not set the installation path according to the above method, what should I do? Find the location (installation path) of the software and learn about it below.
Method 1: whereis software name
Take querying MySQL as an example
whereis mysql # 结果 mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz
Method 2: ps -ef|grep software name and ls -l /proc/process number/cwd
if the installed software It is already running and can be queried according to the software running process number
Take redis as an example
ps -ef|grep redis # 结果 duni 2246 1 0 Feb19 ? 00:09:09 ./redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379 ls -l /proc/2246/cwd # 结果，cwd后面不加/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 duni duni 0 Feb 19 17:46 /proc/2246/cwd -> /home/duni/DuniSoftware/redis-3.2.3/src
/proc The file system is A mechanism used by the kernel and kernel modules to send information to processes (hence the name /proc). This pseudo file system allows you to interact with the kernel's internal data structures, obtain useful information about the process, and change settings on the fly (by changing kernel parameters). Unlike other file systems, /proc exists in memory rather than on the hard disk. The proc file system provides access interfaces to user space in the form of files. These interfaces can be used to obtain information about related components or modify the behavior of components at runtime, so it is a very convenient interface.
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Common directories and uses:
/bin stores binary executable files (ls, cat, mkdir, etc.), and commonly used commands are generally found here. /etc stores system management and configuration files /home is the root directory where all user files are stored. It is the basis of the user's home directory. For example, the home directory of user user is /home/user. Use ~user to indicate /usr is used to store system applications. The more important directory /usr/local is the local system administrator software installation directory (installation of system-level applications). This is the largest directory, and almost all the applications and files you need to use are in this directory. /usr/x11r6 Directory for storing x window/usr/bin Numerous applications/usr/sbin Some management programs for super users/usr/doc Linux documentation /usr/include Header files required to develop and compile applications under Linux /usr/lib Commonly used dynamic link libraries and software package configuration files /usr/man Help document/usr/src Source code, the source code of the Linux kernel is placed in /usr/src/linux/usr/local /bin Locally added commands/usr/local/lib Locally added libraries/opt The location where additional installed optional application packages are placed. Under normal circumstances, we can install tomcat, etc. here./proc The virtual file system directory is a mapping of system memory. This directory can be accessed directly to obtain system information.
/root The home directory of the super user (system administrator) (privileged class o)
/sbin stores binary executable files and can only be accessed by root. Stored here are system-level management commands and programs used by system administrators. Such as ifconfig, etc.
/dev is used to store device files.
/mnt The system administrator installs the installation point of the temporary file system. The system provides this directory to allow users to temporarily mount other file systems.
/boot stores various files used during system boot
/lib stores shared libraries and kernel modules required to run programs in the file system. The shared library is also called a dynamic link shared library. It functions like a .dll file in Windows and stores the shared files required to run the root file system program.
/tmp is used to store various temporary files and is a public temporary file storage point.
/var is used to store files that need to change data during operation. It is also the overflow area of some large files, such as log files of various services (system startup logs, etc.).
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