The internet originated from the Pentagon in the United States. Its predecessor was the ARPAnet (Arpanet) developed under the auspices of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense. It was mainly used by scientists to conduct computer networking experiments. In the late 1950s, during the Cold War; at that time, the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency built the system in order to maintain communications even if part of the network was destroyed when its computer network was attacked. A military network was created called "ARPAnet".
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.
The internet originated from the ARPAnet network of the U.S. Department of Defense.
Internet Introduction
The Internet is a collection of global information resources. There is a rough saying that INTERNET is a logical network formed by the interconnection of many small networks (subnets), and each subnet is connected to several computers (hosts). The Internet aims to exchange information resources with each other, is based on some common protocols, and is formed through many routers and the public Internet. It is a collection of information resources and resource sharing.
The Chinese translation of Internet is "Internet", which originated from the Pentagon in the United States. Its predecessor was the ARPAnet developed under the auspices of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense.
In the late 1950s, we were in the midst of the Cold War. At that time, the U.S. military built a military network called "Arpa" by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense so that when its computer network was attacked, even if part of the network was destroyed, the rest could still maintain communications. ARPAnet. ARPANET was officially launched in 1969. At that time, only four computers were connected for scientists to conduct computer networking experiments. This was the predecessor of the Internet.
By the 1970s, ARPAnet had dozens of computer networks, but each network could only communicate with computers within the network, and different computer networks still could not communicate with each other. To this end, ARPA has established a new research project to support relevant research in academia and industry. The main content of the research is to use a new method to interconnect different computer local area networks to form an "Internet." Researchers called it "internetwork", or "Internet" for short, and the term has been used ever since.
layer
The Internet originated in the United States and is now a supercomputer Internet network that connects the world .
The Internet is divided into three levels: bottom network, middle layer network, and backbone network.
The bottom network is a university campus network or an enterprise network ,
The middle layer network is the regional network and commercial network,
The highest layer is the backbone network, which is generally invested and established by the state or large companies. Currently, ANSNET built by the American Advanced Network Services (ANS) Company is the backbone network of the Internet.
Features
The reason why the Internet has developed so rapidly is mainly due to the following characteristics:
It is a global computer interconnection network.
It is a huge source of information.
The most important thing is that the Internet is a big family, with tens of millions of people participating and sharing the wealth (i.e. resources) created by humans themselves.
ARPAnet network
"ARPA" is the Advanced Research Project Agency). One of his core institutions is the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), which has been focusing on research topics such as computer graphics, network communications, and supercomputers.
In a sense, the Internet can be said to be a product of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. In the United States, the 1960s was a very special era. In the early 1960s, the Cuban nuclear missile crisis occurred, and the Cold War between the United States and the former Soviet Union heated up. The threat of nuclear annihilation became a topic in people's daily lives. At the same time as the United States blockaded Cuba, the Vietnam War broke out and political crises occurred in many third world countries. Due to the stimulation of US federal funds and the influence of public fear, the "Laboratory Cold War" also began. People believe that whether they can maintain their leading position in science and technology will determine the outcome of the war. The progress of science and technology depends on the development of the computer field. By the late 1960s, every major federally funded research center, including purely commercial organizations and universities, had computer equipment equipped with the latest technology provided by the emerging American computer industry. The idea of computer centers being interconnected to share data developed rapidly.
Exit the stage of history
The ARPA network cannot communicate with individual computer networks, which has triggered researchers' thinking. According to Norton, his design required too much control and the standardization of too many network repeater devices. Therefore, in the spring of 1973, Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn began to think about how to connect the ARPA network to two other existing networks, especially the connecting satellite network (SAT NET) and the Hawaii-based packet network. For the wireless business ALOHA NET, Joseph envisioned a new computer communication protocol, which eventually became known as the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
In 1975, the ARPA network was transferred to the Defense Department Communications Agence. The ARPA network was no longer experimental and unique. A large number of new networks began to appear in the 1970s, including CSNET (Computer Science Research Network), CDnet (Canadian Network), BITNET (Because It's Time Network) and the National Natural Science Foundation of the United States. Network (NSFnet, National Science Foundation Network). This last network will eventually replace the ARPA Network as the high-speed link to the Internet before itself being replaced by commercial networks.
In mid-1982, the ARPA network was deactivated, the original communication protocol NCP was disabled, and only websites using Cern's TCP/IP language were allowed to communicate. On January 1, 1983, NCP became history and TCP/IP began to become a universal protocol.
In 1983 the ARPA network was divided into two parts, the Military Network (MILNET) for military and defense sectors and the civilian version of ARPA Network.
1985 became a breakthrough year for the TCP/IP protocol, when it became an integral part of the UNIX operating system. Finally, it was put into Sun's microsystem workstation.
When free online services and commercial online services emerged, such as Prodigy, FidoNet, Usenet, Gopher, etc., and when NSFNET became the center of the Internet, the importance of the ARPA network was greatly weakened. The system was shut down in 1989 and officially decommissioned in 1990.
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