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The Linux root directory "/" is the organizer of the Linux file system and the highest-level leader; the entrance to the Linux file system is the root directory "/", and all directories, files, and devices are also located there. Under the root directory "/". Linux directories all start from the root. The entire directory structure is an inverted tree structure. "/" is the root of the tree, and the subfolders are the trunk and leaves.
#The operating environment of this tutorial: centos7 system, Dell G3 computer. '
The root directory of the Linux system (/)
The file system of Linux and UNIX is a hierarchical structure with "/" as the root The tree file structure, "/" is therefore called the root directory.
All files and directories are placed under the root directory "/". There are subdirectories such as /bin, /home, /usr and so on under the root directory /.
This is the basic directory structure of centos7:
The difference between the Linux directory and the Windows directory. In Windows, a hard disk is divided into several drive letters. Usually They are C, D, and E drives, but there is no concept of drive letters in Linux. Here, "start from the root", the root is /, and there are usually these folders in the root directory, such as /etc, /var, and /usr.
The directories of unix/linux all start from the root. The entire directory structure is an inverted tree structure, / is the root of the tree, and the subfolders are the trunk and leaves.
Explanation:
We call / the root of Linux. That is, the file system of the Linux operating system. The entrance to the Linux file system is /, and all directories, files, and devices are under /. / is the organizer of the Linux file system and the highest-level leader.
Directory structure introduction
/boot
This directory is used to store the files and kernel required for system startup , boot menu and required configuration files, etc. Normally this folder is not operated on.
/dev
is used to store system mounting devices and exists as a file.
The drive letters in Windows do not exist here, there are just various files representing different devices. For example, cdrom represents the optical drive device, and sda and sdb represent the hard disk devices. After partitioning, logical hard disks such as sda1 and sda2 will be formed, and the same is true for sdb.
Special mounting devices include /dev/null and dev/zero. /null is a device in the system that can receive unlimited data. It is like a black hole that is never full. You can move the data to be deleted into /null; /zero has a lot of random characters, which will continue to be generated when the system runs, but it will not Output to the system. If you want to generate a file of a specified size, you need to use it. When mounting a swap partition for the system, you need to use the /dev/zero device.
Usually when partitioning the hard disk, setting the raid will be performed in this folder, and is generally not performed at other times.
/etc Important
The configuration files used to prevent system configuration files and install software will be placed here by default. When you need to modify system settings, you must go to this folder to perform operations.
Commonly used files and folders under/etc:
Note that the file needs to be executable/etc/sysconf/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth33/lib, /lib64
system library.
/bin,/sbin
Place executable command binary files.
/mnt
The default mounting directory is not the only directory that can be mounted. Devices can be mounted in general directories in Linux. Open the mounted directory and operate Data in the device is manipulated just like data in a normal folder.
Use the mount command when mounting, and the umount command to uninstall the device. Repeated mounting will overwrite the previous mounting.
/proc
This folder is used to place the virtual file system, system kernel, processes, external devices and network status.
The configuration information read by the system will be re-read every time it is restarted. The files therein cannot be modified at will, such as CPU information and memory information. Some modifications will become invalid after restarting the system.
/root
The super administrator’s home directory, while the ordinary administrator’s directories are unified under /home.
Super administrators can operate any data in Linux, while ordinary administrators can only modify and delete files in their own home directory, and only part of others can be viewed.
/tmp
Stores temporary files. This folder is shared by all people.
/opt
Some third-party software will be installed here, but it is usually not used very much.
/usr
Directory that stores user data. If, user installs software data, user installs commands, user installs libraries, etc.
/var
The folder where variable files are stored. System cache, temporary data, and frequently changing data will be placed here.
Summary
The most commonly used directories in daily life are /etc, /var, and /usr. Other directories are rarely touched. If you are using a cloud server, you do not need to manually mount the hard disk or anything. (except for mounting NFS), there is no need to manually partition the hard disk, the installation system will partition it by default.
When we want to modify system parameters, just enter /etc and find the corresponding modifications. After modifying most configuration files, we need to restart the service (service) or execute a special refresh command (source, bash). Usually the installed software configuration file or the folder where the configuration file is placed will have a software name command and be placed under /etc, but some will add adafter the name to indicate that the software has multiple configuration files.
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