Oled screen refers to a screen made of organic light-emitting diodes, without a backlight, using a very thin organic material coating and a glass substrate (or flexible organic substrate); OLED display screens can be made lighter It is thinner, has a wider viewing angle, and can significantly save power consumption.
The operating environment of this tutorial: HarmonyOS 2 system, HONOR V30 mobile phone.
What is an oled screen?
OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) is a new product in mobile phone OLED and is known as the "dream display" .
OLED display technology is different from traditional LCD display methods. It does not require a backlight and uses very thin organic material coatings and glass substrates (or flexible organic substrates). When current passes through, these organic materials will glow. Moreover, OLED display screens can be made lighter and thinner, with wider viewing angles, and can significantly save power consumption.
OLED is also called the third generation display technology. OLED is not only thinner and lighter, has low energy consumption, high brightness, good luminous rate, can display pure black, and can also be bent, such as today's curved screen TVs and mobile phones. Today, major international manufacturers are rushing to increase their investment in research and development of OLED technology, making OLED technology more widely used in today's televisions, computers (monitors), mobile phones, tablets and other fields.
In July 2022, Apple will introduce OLED screens to its iPad series in the next few years. Apple's upcoming 2024 iPad designs new OLED display panels. This process makes OLED display panels thinner and lighter.
Principle
The OLED display principle is essentially different from LCD. It is mainly driven by an electric field. Organic semiconductor materials and luminescent materials are injected and recombined through overcarriers. Achieve glow. Essentially, the ITO glass transparent electrode is used as the anode of the device, and the metal electrode is used as the cathode. Driven by the power supply, electrons are transported from the cathode to the electron transport layer. Holes are injected from the anode to the hole transport layer, and then migrate to the light emitting layer. layer, when the two meet, they generate excitons, which excite the luminescent molecules and produce a light source after radiation. To put it simply, an OLED screen is composed of millions of "little light bulbs".
Process flow
The OLED display technology preparation process has very high requirements for technical level. It is generally divided into front process and back process. Among them, the front process is mainly based on light. Engraving and evaporation technology are mainly used; post-processing is mainly based on packaging and cutting technology. Although advanced OLED technology is controlled by Samsung and LG manufacturers, many manufacturers in China are also continuously strengthening their research on OLED screens, including China Star Optoelectronics, BOE, Tianma Technology, etc., all of which are continuously increasing investment in OLED, and OLED products It has also been applied to products. Although there is a big gap compared with international giants, it has reached a usable level.
The specific process is:
(1) Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate pre-treatment, including ITO surface flatness and increase in ITO work function;
(2 ) Adding auxiliary electrode;
(3) Cathode process;
(4) Packaging process, including development of water-absorbing materials, processes and equipment.
Advantages
Compared with traditional LCD technology, OLED display technology has obvious advantages. The OLED screen thickness can be controlled within 1mm, while the LCD screen thickness is usually 3mm. around, and lighter in weight. The liquid structure of the OLED screen can ensure the anti-aging performance of the screen, and it has a wide viewing angle that LCD does not have, allowing the same screen to be viewed over a wide range without distortion of the picture. The response time is one thousandth that of LCD screens. In addition, OLED screens are resistant to low temperatures and can display content normally in a -40°C environment. They have higher luminous efficiency, low energy consumption, and are ecologically friendly. They can be made into curved screens, thus bringing different visual impacts to people.
OLED Development Trend
OLED display technology will develop in the following directions:
1. Entering the large-size market:
OLED is the only display technology among all display technologies that can produce large-size, high-brightness, high-resolution soft screens. Large-size active AM OLED (also known as TFT-OLED) displays have gradually become the research focus of well-known foreign companies . The TFT used in large-size active AM OLED is different from the TFT used in LCD. The combination of OLED and silicon TFT technology is the only way to develop large-size OLED display;
2. Widely promoted in the display field:
OLED can not only be widely used in 3G communication terminals, wall-mounted TVs, desktop and laptop computers, GPS, digital cameras, PDAs, home appliances, industrial instruments and other civilian products, but also has extremely wide applications in the military Prospects;
3. Application to lighting field:
OLED can not only be used in indoor and outdoor general lighting, backlight, decorative lighting and other fields, but can even be used to make artistic flexible luminous wallpapers and Solid or colorful illuminated windows, wearable illuminated warning signs and other fantastic products.
In 2022, the first fully 3D printed flexible OLED display will be released.
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