Application fields: 1. Scientific computing, using the high-speed computing, large storage capacity and continuous computing capabilities of computers to realize various scientific computing problems that cannot be solved manually; 2. Data processing, collecting and Storage, processing, transformation and transmission; 3. Assisted design, which refers to using computers to help engineering and technical personnel carry out design work; 4. Process control, using computers as control components to control a single piece of equipment or the entire production process; 5. Artificial intelligence , using computers to imitate human intelligence, so that computers have the ability to recognize language, text, graphics, and perform reasoning and learning.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.
Computer, commonly known as computer, is a modern electronic computing machine used for high-speed calculations. It can perform numerical calculations, logical calculations, and also has storage and memory functions. It is a modern intelligent electronic device that can run according to the program and process massive data automatically and at high speed.
Computer applications are becoming more and more common in China. After the reform and opening up, the number of Chinese computer users continues to rise, and the application level continues to improve. In particular, applications in the Internet, communications, multimedia and other fields have achieved good results. From 1996 to 2009, the number of computer users increased from 6.3 million to 67.1 million, and the number of networked computers increased from 29,000 to 59.4 million. Internet users have reached 316 million, and wireless Internet users have 670 million mobile users, including 117 million mobile Internet users, ranking first in the world.
The six major application fields of computers
The six major application fields of computers are scientific computing (or numerical calculation), data processing (or information processing), assistive technology (or computer-aided design and manufacturing), process control (or real-time control), artificial intelligence (or intelligent simulation), and network applications.
1. Scientific computing (or numerical calculation)
Scientific computing refers to the use of computers to complete calculations of mathematical problems raised in scientific research and engineering technology. In modern scientific and technological work, scientific computing problems are numerous and complex. By utilizing the computer's high-speed computing, large storage capacity, and continuous computing capabilities, various scientific computing problems that cannot be solved manually can be realized.
2. Data processing (or information processing)
Data processing refers to the collection, storage, sorting, classification, statistics, processing, and utilization of various data. A collective term for a series of activities such as communication. According to statistics, more than 80% of computers are mainly used for data processing. This type of workload is large and wide-ranging, which determines the dominant direction of computer applications.
Data processing has gone through three stages of development from simple to complex. They are:
①Electronic Data Processing (EDP), which uses the file system as a means. Realize individual management within a department.
② Management Information System (MIS), which uses database technology as a tool to achieve comprehensive management of a department to improve work efficiency.
③Decision Support System (DSS), which is based on database, model library and method library, helps management decision-makers improve their decision-making level and improve the correctness and effectiveness of operational strategies.
At present, data processing has been widely used in office automation, computer-aided management and decision-making in enterprises and institutions, information retrieval, library management, film and television animation design, accounting computerization and other industries. Information is forming an independent industry. Multimedia technology allows information to be displayed in front of people not only in numbers and text, but also in emotive sounds and image information.
3. Computer-aided design (or computer-aided design and manufacturing)
Computer-aided design refers to the use of computers to help engineering and technical personnel perform design work. The use of CAD can semi-automate or automate the design work, which can not only greatly shorten the design cycle and save manpower and material resources, but also reduce production costs, achieve the best design results, and ensure product quality.
Take aircraft design as an example. In the past, it took a lot of manpower and material resources to complete the process from formulating a plan to drawing a complete set of drawings. It took two and a half to three years to complete. After using CAD, it only takes three months. can be completed.
Computer-aided technology includes CAD, CAM and CAI, etc.
⑴Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Computer-aided design is the use of computer systems to assist designers A technique for conducting engineering or product design to achieve optimal design results. It has been widely used in aircraft, automobiles, machinery, electronics, construction and light industry and other fields. For example, in the design process of electronic computers, CAD technology is used for architecture simulation, logic simulation, plug-in division, automatic wiring, etc., thus greatly improving the automation of the design work. For another example, in the architectural design process, CAD technology can be used to perform mechanical calculations, structural calculations, and architectural drawings, etc. This not only increases the design speed, but also greatly improves the design quality.
⑵Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-aided manufacturing is the process of using computer systems to manage, control and operate production equipment. For example, in the manufacturing process of products, computers are used to control the operation of machines, process the data required in the production process, control and process the flow of materials, and inspect products, etc. The use of CAM technology can improve product quality, reduce costs, shorten production cycles, increase productivity and improve labor conditions.
Integrate CAD and CAM technology to realize design and production automation. This technology is called Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS). Its implementation will truly enable an unmanned chemical factory (or workshop).
⑶Computer Aided Instruction (CAI)
Computer-assisted instruction uses computer systems to use courseware to teach. Courseware can be developed and produced using writing tools or high-level languages. It can guide students to learn in a cyclical and progressive manner, allowing students to easily learn the required knowledge from the courseware. The main features of CAI are interactive education, individual guidance and individualized teaching.
4. Process control (or real-time control)
Process control is to use computers to collect detection data in a timely manner and quickly automatically adjust or control objects according to optimal values. Automatic control. Using computers for process control can not only greatly improve the automation level of control, but also improve the timeliness and accuracy of control, thereby improving labor conditions, product quality and qualification rate. Therefore, computer process control has been widely used in machinery, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical industry, textile, hydropower, aerospace and other sectors.
5. Artificial Intelligence (or Intelligent Simulation)
Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence) is a computer simulation of human intelligent activities, such as perception, judgment, understanding, learning, Problem solving and image recognition, etc. At present, artificial intelligence research has achieved a lot of results, and some of them have begun to move towards the practical stage. For example, expert systems that can simulate high-level medical experts for disease diagnosis and treatment, intelligent robots with certain thinking abilities, etc.
6. Network Application
The combination of computer technology and modern communication technology constitutes a computer network. The establishment of computer networks not only solves the problem of communication between computers in a unit, a region, and a country, and the sharing of various software and hardware resources, but also greatly promotes the international exchange of text, images, videos, sounds, etc. Transmission and processing of class data.
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