The difference is: RPM is the package management system of Linux Distribution, and also refers to the rpm package itself. RPM is used for the management of rpm packages; for Debian-based systems that use deb format packages, there are package conversion tools that enable rpm Convert to and from deb and other files.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.
1. About rpm and deb
RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) is a package management system based on Red Hat's Linux Distribution. It also refers to the rpm package itself. RPM is used for rpm packages. Management (such as installation, uninstallation, upgrade, etc.). RPM-based distributions such as Mandrake and SuSE usually have their own specific rpm packages. If mixed installations may not work properly, rpm packages issued by third parties generally can Install normally on RPM based systems.
For Debian-based systems that use deb format packages, there is a package conversion tool to convert rpm to deb and other files (Alien Package Converter). dpkg can be used for installation and upgrade, but it is not very convenient. To handle package dependencies efficiently, dselect and apt-get are more trouble-free. Ubunut is a variant of debian, and its software appears in the form of deb packages or source files.
2. The format and use of deb software packages
(1).deb software package command follows the following convention:
soft_ver-rev_arch.deb, such as: pptview_8.0-5_i386.deb, the name is pptview, the version number is 8.0, and the architecture is i386 platform.
(2)dpkg command
root@huxiping:~# dpkg --help Usage: dpkg -i|--install <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive ... dpkg --unpack <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive ... dpkg -A|--record-avail <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive ... dpkg --configure ... | -a|--pending dpkg -r|--remove | -P|--purge ... | -a|--pending dpkg --get-selections [ ...] get list of selections to stdout dpkg --set-selections set package selections from stdin dpkg --update-avail replace available packages info dpkg --merge-avail merge with info from file dpkg --clear-avail erase existing available info dpkg --forget-old-unavail forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs dpkg -s|--status ... display package status details dpkg -p|--print-avail ... display available version details dpkg -L|--listfiles ... list files `owned' by package(s) dpkg -l|--list [ ...] list packages concisely dpkg -S|--search ... find package(s) owning file(s) dpkg -C|--audit check for broken package(s) dpkg --print-architecture print dpkg architecture dpkg --compare-versions compare version numbers - see below dpkg --help | --version show this help / version number dpkg --force-help | -Dh|--debug=help help on forcing resp. debugging dpkg --licence print copyright licensing terms Use dpkg -b|--build|-c|--contents|-e|--control|-I|--info|-f|--field| -x|--extract|-X|--vextract|--fsys-tarfile on archives (type dpkg-deb --help.) For internal use: dpkg --assert-support-predepends | --predep-package | --assert-working-epoch | --assert-long-filenames | --assert-multi-conrep Options: --admindir= Use instead of /var/lib/dpkg --root= Install on alternative system rooted elsewhere --instdir= Change inst'n root without changing admin dir -O|--selected-only Skip packages not selected for install/upgrade -E|--skip-same-version Skip packages whose same version is installed -G|--refuse-downgrade Skip packages with earlier version than installed -B|--auto-deconfigure Install even if it would break some other package --no-debsig Do no try to verify package signatures --no-act|--dry-run|--simulate Just say what we would do - don't do it -D|--debug= Enable debugging - see -Dhelp or --debug=help --status-fd Send status change updates to file descriptor --log= Log status changes and actions to --ignore-depends=,... Ignore dependencies involving --force-... Override problems - see --force-help --no-force-...|--refuse-... Stop when problems encountered --abort-after Abort after encountering errors Comparison operators for --compare-versions are: lt le eq ne ge gt (treat empty version as earlier than any version); lt-nl le-nl ge-nl gt-nl (treat empty version as later than any version); < << <= = >= >> > (only for compatibility with control file syntax). Use `dselect' or `aptitude' for user-friendly package management. root@huxiping:~# dpkg -i | --install xxx.deb 安装deb软件包 dpkg -r | --remove xxx.deb 删除软件包 dpkg -r -P | --purge xxx.deb 连同配置文件一起删除 dpkg -I | -info xxx.deb 查看软件包信息 dpkg -L xxx.deb 查看文件拷贝详情 dpkg -l 查看系统中已安装软件包信息 dpkg-reconfigure xxx 重新配置软件包
Sometimes, when you use "dpkg" to install a software package, the system will prompt you that the software package depends on other software packages. In this case, you install other packages until the dependencies are met. Or install multiple software packages at the same time
dpkg -i aaa.deb bbb.deb ccc.deb
3. Ubuntu’s apt-command can automatically complete software dependencies, and the most commonly used one is apt-get, in fact, there are other usages that you can explore, such as the following
root@huxiping:~# apt-
apt-cache apt-config apt-ftparchive apt-key
apt-cdrom apt-extracttemplates apt-get apt-sortpkgs
root@huxiping:~# apt-
If a software dependency is too complex, use "dpkg" to install it, It is not a wise choice. At this time, you need to use the APT package management system. APT can automatically check dependencies, obtain relevant software packages through preset methods, and automatically install and configure it. In fact, in most cases, we recommend you use the APT package management system.
The APT system requires a software information database and at least one software warehouse that stores a large number of deb packages, which we call "source". The "source" can be a network server, an installation CD, or a local software repository. You need to modify the
"/etc/apt/sources.list" file to enable the APT system to connect to the "source".
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