The basic idea of the von Neumann computer is: programs and data are expressed in binary and stored program control. In a computer, the program (including instructions and data) is stored in the main memory in advance. When the computer runs the program, it can automatically and continuously retrieve the instructions from the memory and execute them; the data and instructions are stored in binary form. in memory.
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The basic idea of von Neumann computer is: programs and data are expressed in binary, and stored program control (that is, stored program and program control).
Programs and data are represented in binary:
In a computer that stores programs, data and instructions are stored in memory in binary form. There is no difference between the two in terms of the contents stored in the memory. They are all code sequences composed of 0 and 1, but their respective agreed meanings are different. When the computer reads instructions, it regards the information read from the computer as instructions; when it reads data, it regards the information read from the computer as operands. Data and instructions have been distinguished in software compilation, so under normal circumstances there will be no confusion between the two. Sometimes we also refer to the data and instructions stored in the memory as data, because the program information itself can also be used as an object to be processed for processing. For example, when compiling against a program, the source program is treated as an object to be processed.
Stored program controlrefers to stored program and program control. The program is input into the computer and stored in the internal memory (storage principle). During operation, the controller takes out and stores them in order of addresses. Instructions in the internal memory (access instructions in address order), then analyze the instructions, execute the function of the instructions, when encountering a transfer instruction, transfer to the transfer address, and then access instructions in address order (program control).
Expand knowledge:
Von Neumann type computers generally have the following five functions: they must have long-term memory programs, The ability to perform data, intermediate results and final calculation results; to be able to complete various arithmetic, logical operations and data transmission and other data processing; to be able to control the direction of the program as needed, and to control the coordinated operations of various parts of the machine according to instructions; to be able to follow instructions Requires processing results to be output to the user.
Von Neumann type computer essentially adopts a serial sequential processing working mechanism. Even if the relevant data has been prepared, the instruction sequence must be executed one by one. One of the fundamental directions for improving computer performance is parallel processing. Therefore, in recent years, people have sought to break through the constraints of the traditional von Neumann system. This effort is called non-Neumannization. The discussion of so-called non-Neumannization is still controversial, and it is generally believed that it manifests itself in the following three aspects.
(1) Within the scope of the von Neumann system, the traditional von Neumann machine is transformed, such as using multiple processing components to form a flow process,
depending on time Overlap improves processing efficiency; another example is to form an array machine structure to form a single instruction stream and multiple data streams to improve the processing speed
. These directions have become relatively mature and have become standard structures;
(2) Use multiple von Neumann machines to form a multi-machine system to support parallel algorithm structures. Research in this area is currently relatively active;
(3) Fundamentally change the control flow driving method of von Neumann machines. For example, in a data flow computer that adopts a data flow driven working mode, as long as the data is ready, the relevant instructions can be executed in parallel. This is a truly non-Neumannized computer that opens up new vistas for parallel processing but is still under experimental exploration due to the complexity of control.
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