The computer hardware system includes five parts: 1. Calculator, whose main function is to calculate and process data and information; 2. Controller, which can make various aspects of the computer work by integrating and analyzing relevant data and information. The components complete instructions in an orderly manner; 3. Memory is the memory storage component in the computer, which can not only accept and save data, but also provide data to other components; 4. Input device is a device that inputs data and information into the computer; 5. Output devices can express various calculation result data or information in the form of numbers, characters, images, sounds, etc.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.
The computer hardware system mainly includes five major components: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device and output device.
1. Operator
The main function of the operator in computer hardware is to calculate and process data and information. The arithmetic unit includes the following parts: general register, status register, accumulator and key arithmetic logic unit. The operator can perform arithmetic calculations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) and logical operations (AND or NOT).
2. Controller
The controller and arithmetic unit together form the central processing unit (CPU). The controller can be regarded as the brain and command center of the computer. It allows the various components of the computer to complete instructions in an orderly manner by integrating and analyzing relevant data and information.
3. Memory
Memory is the memory storage component in the computer. Memory can both accept and save data and provide data to other components. Memory is divided into two categories: memory and external memory.
In computer systems, it is customary to collectively refer to memory and CPU as the host.
(1) Memory
The internal memory is divided into three types: random read/write memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), read-only memory (Read OnlyMemory, ROM) and cache memory (Cache). kind. Memory generally refers to RAM.
(2) External storage
External storage mainly includes hard disk, optical disk, U disk and mobile hard disk, etc.
4. Input devices
Input devices: devices that input data and information to the computer. It is a bridge between computers and users or other devices. Input devices are one of the main devices for information exchange between users and computer systems. Keyboards, mice, cameras, scanners, light pens, handwriting input tablets, joysticks, voice input devices, etc. are all input devices.
Input device (InputDevice) is a device for human or external interaction with the computer. It is used to input raw data and programs for processing these numbers into the computer. Computers can receive a variety of data, which can be numerical data or various non-numeric data, such as graphics, images, sounds, etc., which can be input into the computer through different types of input devices for processing. Storage, processing and output.
Input devices mainly include keyboard, mouse, etc.
(1) Keyboard
The keyboard is the standard input device of the computer. Various instructions, programs, data, etc. can be input to the computer through the keyboard.
(2) Mouse
The mouse is the standard input device of the microcomputer. The mouse can be used to conveniently perform visual operations on icons and menus in the graphical interface. Currently, the second generation optical mouse used on microcomputers mainly uses a plug-and-play USB interface.
5. Output device
The output device (Output Device) is the terminal device of the computer hardware system, used to receive the output display, printing, sound, and control of computer data. Peripheral device operation, etc. It also expresses various calculation result data or information in the form of numbers, characters, images, sounds, etc.
Output devices mainly include monitors and printers.
(1) Monitor
The monitor is a necessary "soft copy" output device for microcomputers. The more common ones are cathode ray tube monitors (Cathode Ray Tube, CRT) and liquid crystal monitors (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD)
(2) Printer
The printer is a commonly used "hard copy" output device for microcomputers. The image output on the monitor can only be viewed at that time. In order to save the image for a long time, you need to use a printer to output it.
For more related knowledge, please visit the FAQ column!
The above is the detailed content of What does the hardware system of a microcomputer include?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!