What parts does a microcomputer hardware system consist of?

The hardware system of a microcomputer consists of four parts: arithmetic unit, controller, memory (including memory, external memory and cache) and various input and output devices. A complete microcomputer system consists of two parts: hardware system and software system.

There are three levels of microcomputer systems from global to local: microcomputer system, microcomputer, and microprocessor (CPU). Neither a simple microprocessor nor a simple microcomputer can work independently. Only a microcomputer system is a complete information processing system and has practical significance.

A complete microcomputer system includes two parts: hardware system and software system. The hardware system consists of arithmetic units, controllers, memories (including memory, external memory and cache), and various input and output devices, and works in an "instruction-driven" manner.

Software systems can be divided into system software and application software. System software refers to software that manages, monitors and maintains computer resources (including hardware and software). It mainly includes: operating system, various language processing programs, database management system and various tool software, etc. The operating system is the core of the system software. Only through the operating system can users complete various operations on the computer. Application software is a computer program compiled for a certain application purpose, such as word processing software, graphics and image processing software, network communication software, financial management software, CAD software, various program packages, etc.

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