The syntax difference between PHP and Go

Go is a statically typed compiled language designed by Google. It is somewhat similar to C, but it includes more advantages such as garbage collection, memory safety, structural types, and concurrency. Its concurrency mechanism enables multi-core and network machines to get the most out of them. This is one of GoLang’s best selling points. Additionally, Go is fast, expressive, clean, and efficient. This is why Go is so attractive for developers to learn.

PHP is a dynamically typed language that makes coding easier for newbies. The question now is, can PHP developers switch from a dynamically typed language to a statically typed language like Go? To find out, let’s compare the syntax differences between Go and PHP.

Data types

Go supports both signed and unsigned integers, while PHP only supports signed integers.

Another major difference is arrays. Go has separate types for arrays and maps, whereas PHP arrays are actually ordered maps.

Go has no objects compared to PHP. However, Go has a struct type similar to object.

PHP data type:

boolean string integer // Signed integer, PHP does not support unsigned integers. float (also known as "floats", "doubles", or "real numbers") array object null resource

Go data type:

string bool int int8 int16 int32 int64 // Signed integer uint uint8 uint16 uint32 uint64 uintptr // Unsigned integers byte // alias for uint8 rune // alias for int32 float32 float64 complex64 complex128 array slices map struct

Variable

Go uses var to declare global variables and function variables . However, it also supports a shorthand syntax with an initializer, but only within a function. PHP, on the other hand, only supports variable declaration with an initializer.

// 变量声明 // Go // PHP var i int $i = 0 // integer var f float64 $f = 0.0 // float var b bool $b = false // boolean var s string $s = "" // string var a [2]string $a = [] // array

// 简短的变量声明 // Go // PHP i := 0 $i = 0 // integer f := 0.0 $f = 0.0 // float b := false $b = false // boolean s := "" $s = "" // string a := [1]string{"hello"} $a = [] // array

Type conversion

// Go i := 42 // Signed integer f := float64(i) // Float u := uint(f) // Unsigned integer // PHP $i = 1; $f = (float) $i; // 1.0 $b = (bool) $f // true $s = (string) $b // "1"

Array

// Go var a [2]string a[0] = "Hello" a[1] = "World" // OR a := [2]string{"hello", "world"} // PHP $a = [ "hello", "world" ]; Maps // Go m := map[string]string{ "first_name": "Foo", "last_name": "Bar", } // PHP $m = [ "first_name" => "Foo", "last_name" => "Bar" ];

Object type

Go does not support objects. However, you can use structs to implement object-like syntax.

// Go package main import "fmt" type Person struct { Name string Address string } func main() { person := Person{"Foo bar", "Sydney, Australia"} fmt.Println(person.Name) } // PHP $person = new stdClass; $person->Name = "Foo bar"; $person->Address = "Sydney, Australia"; echo $person->Name; // 或使用类型转换 $person = (object) [ 'Name' => "Foo bar", 'Address' => "Sydney, Australia" ]; echo $person->Name;

Function

The main difference between Go and PHP functions is; Go functions can return any number of results, while PHP functions can only return one result. However, PHP can emulate the same functionality by returning an array.

// Go package main import "fmt" func fullname(firstName string, lastName string) (string) { return firstName + " " + lastName } func main() { name := fullname("Foo", "Bar") fmt.Println(name) } // PHP function fullname(string $firstName, string $lastName) : string { return $firstName . " " . $lastName; } $name = fullname("Foo", "Bar"); echo $name; // 返回多个结果 // Go package main import "fmt" func swap(x, y string) (string, string) { return y, x } func main() { a, b := swap("hello", "world") fmt.Println(a, b) } // PHP // 返回一个数组以获得多个结果 function swap(string $x, string $y): array { return [$y, $x]; } [$a, $b] = swap('hello', 'world'); echo $a, $b;

Control statement

If-Else

// Go package main import ( "fmt" ) func compare(a int, b int) { if a > b { fmt.Println("a is bigger than b") } else { fmt.Println("a is NOT greater than b") } } func main() { compare(12, 10); } // PHP function compare(int $a, int $b) { if ($a > $b) { echo "a is bigger than b"; } else { echo "a is NOT greater than b"; } } compare(12, 10);

Switch

According to Golang official tutorial document:

Go's switch is similar to that in C, C++, Java, JavaScript and PHP, except that Go only runs the selected case instead of all subsequent cases. In fact, break statements are required after every case in these languages, whereas in Go they are automatically added. Another important difference is that Go's switch cases do not need to be constants, and the values involved do not need to be integers.

// Go package main import ( "fmt" "runtime" ) func main() { fmt.Print("Go runs on ") os := runtime.GOOS; switch os { case "darwin": fmt.Println("OS X.") case "linux": fmt.Println("Linux.") default: fmt.Printf("%s.\n", os) } } // PHP echo "PHP runs on "; switch (PHP_OS) { case "darwin": echo "OS X."; break; case "linux": echo "Linux."; break; default: echo PHP_OS; } For 循环 // Go package main import "fmt" func main() { sum := 0 for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { sum += i } fmt.Println(sum) } // PHP $sum = 0; for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) { $sum += $i; } echo $sum;

While Loop

Go itself does not have the syntax for while loop. Correspondingly, Go uses for loops instead of while loops.

// Go package main import "fmt" func main() { sum := 1 for sum < 100 { sum += sum } fmt.Println(sum) } // PHP $sum = 1; while ($sum < 100) { $sum += $sum; } echo $sum; Foreach/Range PHP 使用 foreach 迭代数组和对象。与之对应，Go 使用 range 迭代 slice 或 map。 // Go package main import "fmt" func main() { colours := []string{"Maroon", "Red", "Green", "Blue"} for index, colour := range colours { fmt.Printf("index: %d, colour: %s\n", index, colour) } } // PHP $colours = ["Maroon", "Red", "Green", "Blue"]; foreach($colours as $index => $colour) { echo "index: {$index}, colour: {$colour}\n"; }

That’s it for today. I try to keep articles small and concise. As a PHP developer, I try to share my knowledge while practicing Go. Please feel free to share your thoughts as well. Hope you enjoyed reading this article.

Recommended tutorials: "PHP Tutorial" "Go Tutorial"

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