What stages has the development of operating systems gone through?

#The emergence and development of operating systems have gone through four stages: artificial operating systems, simple batch processing stages, multi-programming system stages, and modern operating systems.

The operating system is a computer program that manages computer hardware and software resources. It is also the core and cornerstone of the computer system. The operating system needs to handle basic tasks such as managing and configuring memory, determining the priority of system resource supply and demand, controlling input and output devices, operating the network, and managing the file system. The operating system also provides an operating interface for users to interact with the system.

The operating system mainly includes the following functions:

①Process management, its work is mainly process scheduling. In the case of a single user and a single task, the processor is only for one user. Exclusively for one task, the work of process management is very simple. However, in the case of multi-programming or multi-user, when organizing multiple jobs or tasks, it is necessary to solve the problems of processor scheduling, allocation and recycling.

② Storage management is divided into several functions: storage allocation, storage sharing, storage protection, and storage expansion.

③Device management has the following functions: device allocation, device transmission control, and device independence.

④File management: file storage space management, directory management, file operation management, and file protection.

⑤Job management is responsible for processing any requirements submitted by users.

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