The operating system (English: operating system, abbreviated as OS) is a computer program that manages computer hardware and software resources. It is also the core and cornerstone of the computer system.
The operating system needs to handle basic matters such as managing and configuring memory, determining the priority of system resource supply and demand, controlling input devices and output devices, operating networks, and managing file systems. The operating system also provides an operating interface for users to interact with the system. (Recommended learning: PHP video tutorial)
The interface between the user and the computer hardware system is the operating system. Because the operating system provides a human-computer interface, users can use the operating system to use hardware resources to perform some resource integration and calculations. Therefore, the operating system is also the interface between the user and the computer.
There are many types of operating systems. The operating systems installed on different machines can range from simple to complex, from embedded systems for mobile phones to large-scale operating systems for supercomputers.
Many operating system manufacturers have inconsistent definitions of the scope it covers. For example, some operating systems integrate a graphical user interface, while others only use a command line interface, and regard the graphical user interface as a non- Necessary application.
Operating system theory researchers sometimes divide the operating system into four parts:
Driver- The lowest level, which directly controls and monitors each Hardware-like parts whose job is to hide the specific details of the hardware and provide an abstract, common interface to other parts.
Kernel - The kernel part of the operating system, usually runs at the highest privilege level and is responsible for providing basic and structural functions.
Support library - (also known as "interface library") is a series of special program libraries. Their responsibility is to package the basic services provided by the system into programming that can be used by applications. The interface (API) is the part closest to the application. For example, the GNU C runtime library falls into this category. It packages the internal programming interfaces of various operating systems into the form of ANSI C and POSIX programming interfaces.
Peripheral- The so-called peripheral refers to all other parts of the operating system except the above three categories, usually components used to provide specific advanced services. For example, in the microkernel structure, most system services and various daemon processes in UNIX/Linux are usually classified in this category.
Of course, the four-part structural view proposed in this section is by no means universally applicable. For example, in the early days of Microsoft's Windows operating system, the various parts were deeply coupled and difficult to distinguish from each other. In operating systems that use the outer core structure, there is no concept of drivers at all. Therefore, the discussion in this section only applies to general situations, and specific special cases require detailed analysis.
The different layouts of the four major parts of the operating system form several divisions of the overall structure. Common structures include: simple structure, layer structure, microkernel structure, vertical structure, and virtual machine structure.
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