推荐教程:java教程
在计算器科学与数学中,一个排序算法(英语:Sorting algorithm)是一种能将一串数据依照特定排序方式进行排列的一种算法。本文将总结几类常用的排序算法,包括冒泡排序、选择排序、插入排序、快速排序和归并排序。
1、冒泡排序
原理图
理解:通过重复地遍历要排序的列表,比较每对相邻的项目,并在顺序错误的情况下交换它们。
代码:
public class BubbleSort { // logic to sort the elements public static void bubble_srt(int array[]) { int n = array.length; int k; for (int m = n; m >= 0; m--) { for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { k = i + 1; if (array[i] > array[k]) { swapNumbers(i, k, array); } } printNumbers(array); } } private static void swapNumbers(int i, int j, int[] array) { int temp; temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp; } private static void printNumbers(int[] input) { for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++) { System.out.print(input[i] + ", "); } System.out.println("\n"); } public static void main(String[] args) { int[] input = { 4, 2, 9, 6, 23, 12, 34, 0, 1 }; bubble_srt(input); } }
2、选择排序
原理图
理解:内部循环查找下一个最小(或最大)值,外部循环将该值放入其适当的位置。
代码:
public class SelectionSort { public static int[] doSelectionSort(int[] arr){ for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) { int index = i; for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++) if (arr[j] < arr[index]) index = j; int smallerNumber = arr[index]; arr[index] = arr[i]; arr[i] = smallerNumber; } return arr; } public static void main(String a[]){ int[] arr1 = {10,34,2,56,7,67,88,42}; int[] arr2 = doSelectionSort(arr1); for(int i:arr2){ System.out.print(i); System.out.print(", "); } } }
3、插入排序
原理图
理解:每一步将一个待排序的记录,插入到前面已经排好序的有序序列中去,直到插完所有元素为止。
代码:
public class InsertionSort { public static void main(String a[]){ int[] arr1 = {10,34,2,56,7,67,88,42}; int[] arr2 = doInsertionSort(arr1); for(int i:arr2){ System.out.print(i); System.out.print(", "); } } public static int[] doInsertionSort(int[] input){ int temp; for (int i = 1; i < input.length; i++) { for(int j = i ; j > 0 ; j--){ if(input[j] < input[j-1]){ temp = input[j]; input[j] = input[j-1]; input[j-1] = temp; } } } return input; } }
4、快速排序
原理图
理解:将原问题分解为若干个规模更小,但结构与原问题相似的子问题,递归地解这些子问题,然后将这些子问题的解组合为原问题的解。
代码:
public class QuickSort { private int array[]; private int length; public void sort(int[] inputArr) { if (inputArr == null || inputArr.length == 0) { return; } this.array = inputArr; length = inputArr.length; quickSort(0, length - 1); } private void quickSort(int lowerIndex, int higherIndex) { int i = lowerIndex; int j = higherIndex; // calculate pivot number, I am taking pivot as middle index number int pivot = array[lowerIndex+(higherIndex-lowerIndex)/2]; // Divide into two arrays while (i <= j) { /** * In each iteration, we will identify a number from left side which * is greater then the pivot value, and also we will identify a number * from right side which is less then the pivot value. Once the search * is done, then we exchange both numbers. */ while (array[i] < pivot) { i++; } while (array[j] > pivot) { j--; } if (i <= j) { exchangeNumbers(i, j); //move index to next position on both sides i++; j--; } } // call quickSort() method recursively if (lowerIndex < j) quickSort(lowerIndex, j); if (i < higherIndex) quickSort(i, higherIndex); } private void exchangeNumbers(int i, int j) { int temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp; } public static void main(String a[]){ MyQuickSort sorter = new MyQuickSort(); int[] input = {24,2,45,20,56,75,2,56,99,53,12}; sorter.sort(input); for(int i:input){ System.out.print(i); System.out.print(" "); } } }
5、归并排序
原理图
理解:将待排序的数列分成若干个长度为1的子数列,然后将这些数列两两合并;得到若干个长度为2的有序数列,再将这些数列两两合并;得到若干个长度为4的有序数列,再将它们两两合并;直接合并成一个数列为止。
代码:
public class MergeSort { private int[] array; private int[] tempMergArr; private int length; public static void main(String a[]){ int[] inputArr = {45,23,11,89,77,98,4,28,65,43}; MyMergeSort mms = new MyMergeSort(); mms.sort(inputArr); for(int i:inputArr){ System.out.print(i); System.out.print(" "); } } public void sort(int inputArr[]) { this.array = inputArr; this.length = inputArr.length; this.tempMergArr = new int[length]; doMergeSort(0, length - 1); } private void doMergeSort(int lowerIndex, int higherIndex) { if (lowerIndex < higherIndex) { int middle = lowerIndex + (higherIndex - lowerIndex) / 2; // Below step sorts the left side of the array doMergeSort(lowerIndex, middle); // Below step sorts the right side of the array doMergeSort(middle + 1, higherIndex); // Now merge both sides mergeParts(lowerIndex, middle, higherIndex); } } private void mergeParts(int lowerIndex, int middle, int higherIndex) { for (int i = lowerIndex; i <= higherIndex; i++) { tempMergArr[i] = array[i]; } int i = lowerIndex; int j = middle + 1; int k = lowerIndex; while (i <= middle && j <= higherIndex) { if (tempMergArr[i] <= tempMergArr[j]) { array[k] = tempMergArr[i]; i++; } else { array[k] = tempMergArr[j]; j++; } k++; } while (i <= middle) { array[k] = tempMergArr[i]; k++; i++; } } }
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