Unlimited classification and infinite nested comments in PHP

Generally speaking, recursion is called a call to the function itself.

Practical application of recursion in development

N-level classification

Infinite-level classification is a common requirement in normal development, and it is included in many interview questions bump into. No matter what project you do, you should have encountered similar problems. Next, we will use the idea of ​​recursion to practice.

• SQL structure

CREATE TABLE `categories` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `categoryName` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `parentCategory` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  `sortInd` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=11 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

Then we virtualize some data, and it finally looks like this.

Let’s look directly at the code implementation.

<?php $dsn = "mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=light-tips;charset=UTF8;";
$username = &#39;root&#39;;
$password = &#39;admin&#39;;
$pdo = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password);
$sql = &#39;SELECT * FROM `categories` ORDER BY `parentCategory`, `sortInd`&#39;;
$result = $pdo->query($sql, PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
$categories = [];foreach ($result as $category) {
    $categories[$category->parentCategory][] = $category;
}function showCategoryTree($categories, $n){    if (isset($categories[$n])) {        foreach ($categories[$n] as $category) {            echo str_repeat('-', $n) . $category->categoryName . PHP_EOL;
            showCategoryTree($categories, $category->id);
        }
    }    return;
}
showCategoryTree($categories, 0);

As you can see, we first obtained all the data, and then classified it according to the parent ID. This is a great data structure. Imagine that we decompose the problem of displaying all subdirectories under the top-level directory into displaying its own category title and displaying the subdirectory whose parentCategory is the current directory id in the data, and then using to start the recursive call. The final output looks like this.

Infinitely nested comments

Let’s first look at what infinitely nested comments look like. As shown in the picture:

#The chestnut above is another classic case that can be solved using recursion. Let’s take a look at the data structure.

CREATE TABLE `comments` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `comment` varchar(500) NOT NULL,
  `username` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `datetime` datetime NOT NULL,
  `parentID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `postID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=11 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

You can practice it yourself without reading the following content.

<?php $dsn = "mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=light-tips;charset=UTF8;";
$username = &#39;root&#39;;
$password = &#39;admin&#39;;
$pdo = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password);
$sql = &#39;SELECT * FROM `comments` WHERE `postID` = :id ORDER BY `parentId`, `datetime`&#39;;
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$stmt->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
$stmt->execute([':id' => 1]);
$result = $stmt->fetchAll();
$comments = [];
foreach ($result as $comment) {
    $comments[$comment->parentID][] = $comment;
}
function showComments(array $comments, $n)
{
    if (isset($comments[$n])) {
        foreach ($comments[$n] as $comment) {
            echo str_repeat('-', $n) . $comment->comment . PHP_EOL;
            showComments($comments, $comment->id);
        }
    }
    return;
}
showComments($comments, 0);

File scanning

An example of using recursion to scan directory files.

<?php function showFiles(string $dir, array &$allFiles)
{
    $files = scandir($dir);
    foreach ($files as $key => $value) {
        $path = realpath($dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $value);
        if (!is_dir($path)) {
            $allFiles[] = $path;
        } else if ($value != "." && $value != "..") {
            showFiles($path, $allFiles);
            $allFiles[] = $path;
        }
    }
    return;
}
$files = [];
showFiles('.', $files);
foreach ($files as $file) {
    echo $file . PHP_EOL;
}

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