Central Processing Unit (CPU, Central Processing Unit) is a very large-scale integrated circuit and is the computing core (Core) and control core (Control Unit) of a computer. Its function is mainly to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software.
The central processing unit mainly includes arithmetic units (arithmetic logic unit, ALU, Arithmetic Logic Unit) and cache memory (Cache) and realizes the connection between them Data, control and status bus (Bus). It, together with internal memory (Memory) and input/output (I/O) devices, are collectively known as the three core components of electronic computers.
Physical structure(Recommended learning: PHP video tutorial)
CPU includes arithmetic logic components, register components, control components, etc.
Logic components
English Logic components; operation logic components. Fixed-point or floating-point arithmetic operations, shift operations, and logical operations can be performed, as well as address operations and conversions.
Register
Register components include registers, special registers and control registers. General-purpose registers can be divided into fixed-point numbers and floating-point numbers. They are used to save register operands and intermediate (or final) operation results that are temporarily stored during instruction execution. General purpose registers are one of the important components of the CPU.
Control unit
English Control unit; the control unit is mainly responsible for decoding instructions and issuing control signals for each operation to be performed to complete each instruction. .
There are two structures: one is a micro-program control method with micro-storage as the core; the other is a control method based on a logical hard-wiring structure.
Microcode is maintained in micro storage. Each microcode corresponds to one of the most basic micro-operations, also called microinstructions. Each instruction is composed of a different sequence of microcodes. This microcode sequence constitutes a microcode. program. After the central processor decodes the instruction, it sends out a certain sequence of control signals and executes several micro-operations determined by these microcodes in a given sequence and in microcycles to complete the execution of an instruction.
Simple instructions are composed of (3 to 5) micro-operations, while complex instructions are composed of dozens or even hundreds of micro-operations.
Memory is one of the important components in the computer. It is the bridge that communicates with the CPU.
All programs in the computer run in memory, so the performance of the memory has a great impact on the computer.
Memory is also called internal memory and main memory. Its function is to temporarily store operation data in the CPU and exchange data with external memories such as hard disks. As long as the computer is running, the CPU will transfer the data that needs to be calculated into the memory for calculation. When the calculation is completed, the CPU will send the results out. The operation of the memory also determines the stable operation of the computer. Memory is composed of memory chips, circuit boards, gold fingers and other parts.
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