What is the role of TCP/IP protocol

TCP/IP protocol is a set of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the Internet; it can be used as a communication protocol in a private network (intranet or extranet). It is designed to establish network links and provide hosts with access to the Internet.

#TCP/IP is responsible for the complete data connection and transmits data end-to-end by providing additional functions including addressing, mapping, and acknowledgment. TCP/IP consists of four layers, which are slightly different from the OSI model.

TCP/IP specifies how data is exchanged across the Internet by providing end-to-end communication, which determines how it is broken down into packets that are addressed, sent, routed, and received at a destination. TCP/IP requires little to no centralized management and is designed to make the network reliable and able to automatically recover from the failure of any device on the network.

TCP/IP Model Layer

Application layer: Provides standardized data exchange for applications. Its protocols include Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).

Transport layer: Responsible for maintaining end-to-end communication of the entire network. TCP handles communication between hosts and provides flow control, multiplexing, and reliability. Transport protocols include TCP and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which are sometimes used in place of TCP for special purposes.

Network layer (also called Internet layer): Processes packets and connects independent networks to transmit packets across network boundaries. Network layer protocols are IP and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), which are used for error reporting.

Physical layer: consists of protocols that run only on links, which are network components that connect nodes or hosts in the network. Protocols in this layer include Ethernet and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for local area networks (LANs).

Advantages of TCP/IP

TCP/IP is non-proprietary and therefore not under the control of any single company. Therefore, the Internet protocol suite can be easily modified. It is compatible with all operating systems and therefore can communicate with any other system. The Internet Protocol suite is also compatible with all types of computer hardware and networks.

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