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    在.net core 下如何进行http请求?

    零下一度零下一度2017-05-26 13:36:21原创7611
    本篇文章主要介绍了详解c# .net core 下的网络请求,大致介绍下在.net core 下如何进行http请求,主要仍然是GET和POST方法,有兴趣的可以了解下

    本文章是在VS2017的环境下,.net core 1.1版本以上。

    在这期间,由于.net core 并不基于IIS,我们的过去的网络请求代码在.net core框架下,有可能会出现不兼容,报错的现象。这里大致介绍下在.net core 下如何进行http请求,主要仍然是GET和POST方法,有错误的地方,欢迎指正!

    先来说POST,POST我实现了三种方法,前两种基于的原理是完全一致的,后面的有些小小的差异,但他们的本质都是http请求,本质上是无区别的,只是实现方法有所不同。

    废话不多说,上代码:

    POST异步方法:

     /// <summary>
        /// 异步请求post(键值对形式,可等待的)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="uri">网络基址("http://localhost:59315")</param>
        /// <param name="url">网络的地址("/api/UMeng")</param>
        /// <param name="formData">键值对List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("userid", "29122"));formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("umengids", "29122"));</param>
        /// <param name="charset">编码格式</param>
        /// <param name="mediaType">头媒体类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public async Task<string> HttpPostAsync(string uri, string url, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = null, string charset = "UTF-8", string mediaType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
        {
          
          string tokenUri = url;
          var client = new HttpClient();
          client.BaseAddress = new Uri(uri);
          HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
          content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue(mediaType);
          content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = charset;
          for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
          {
            content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
          }
          
          HttpResponseMessage resp = await client.PostAsync(tokenUri, content);
          resp.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
          string token = await resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
          return token;
        }

    POST同步方法:

    /// <summary>
        /// 同步请求post(键值对形式)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="uri">网络基址("http://localhost:59315")</param>
        /// <param name="url">网络的地址("/api/UMeng")</param>
        /// <param name="formData">键值对List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("userid", "29122"));formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("umengids", "29122"));</param>
        /// <param name="charset">编码格式</param>
        /// <param name="mediaType">头媒体类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string HttpPost(string uri, string url, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = null, string charset = "UTF-8", string mediaType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
        {      
          string tokenUri = url;
          var client = new HttpClient();
          client.BaseAddress = new Uri(uri);
          HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
          content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue(mediaType);
          content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = charset;
          for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
          {
            content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
          }
    
          var res = client.PostAsync(tokenUri, content);
          res.Wait();
          HttpResponseMessage resp = res.Result;
          
          var res2 = resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
          res2.Wait();
    
          string token = res2.Result;
          return token;
        }

    遗憾的是,同步方法也是基于异步实现的,个人认为这样做会加大系统开销。如果各位有其他的高效实现,请不吝赐教!

    接下来是通过流的方式进行POST:

    public string Post(string url, string data, Encoding encoding, int type)
        {
          try
          {
            HttpWebRequest req = WebRequest.CreateHttp(new Uri(url));
            if (type == 1)
            {
              req.ContentType = "application/json;charset=utf-8";
            }
            else if (type == 2)
            {
              req.ContentType = "application/xml;charset=utf-8";
            }
            else
            {
              req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8";
            }
    
            req.Method = "POST";
            //req.Accept = "text/xml,text/javascript";
            req.ContinueTimeout = 60000;
    
            byte[] postData = encoding.GetBytes(data);
            Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStreamAsync().Result;
            reqStream.Write(postData, 0, postData.Length);
            reqStream.Dispose();
    
            var rsp = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponseAsync().Result;
            var result = GetResponseAsString(rsp, encoding);
            return result;
            
          }
          catch (Exception ex)
          {
            throw;
          }
        }
    private string GetResponseAsString(HttpWebResponse rsp, Encoding encoding)
        {
          Stream stream = null;
          StreamReader reader = null;
    
          try
          {
            // 以字符流的方式读取HTTP响应
            stream = rsp.GetResponseStream();
            reader = new StreamReader(stream, encoding);
            return reader.ReadToEnd();
          }
          finally
          {
            // 释放资源
            if (reader != null) reader.Dispose();
            if (stream != null) stream.Dispose();
            if (rsp != null) rsp.Dispose();
          }
        }

    这种方式的POST还是将数据写入到流里面,进行POST,之所以写前两个key-value的形式,是为了符合java或者oc的风格,在c#书写的webapi中,由于接收形式是{=value}而不是{key=value}(由webapi的性质决定),后续我会说如何在webapi中接收(key-value)的形式,适当避免.net后台人员与android和ios的矛盾,从而达到社会主义民主社会的长治久安。

    接下来是get,同样同步异步都是由异步实现的,还请各位看官轻喷。

    GET:

     /// <summary>
        /// 异步请求get(UTF-8)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">链接地址</param>    
        /// <param name="formData">写在header中的内容</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static async Task<string> HttpGetAsync(string url, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = null)
        {
          HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
          HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
          if (formData != null)
          {
            content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = "UTF-8";
            for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
            {
              content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
            }
          }
          var request = new HttpRequestMessage()
          {
            RequestUri = new Uri(url),
            Method = HttpMethod.Get,
          };
          for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
          {
            request.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
          }
          var resp = await httpClient.SendAsync(request);
          resp.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
          string token = await resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    
          return token;
        }
     /// <summary>
        /// 同步get请求
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">链接地址</param>    
        /// <param name="formData">写在header中的键值对</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string HttpGet(string url, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = null)
        {
          HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
          HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
          if (formData != null)
          {
            content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = "UTF-8";
            for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
            {
              content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
            }
          }
          var request = new HttpRequestMessage()
          {
            RequestUri = new Uri(url),
            Method = HttpMethod.Get,
          };
          for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
          {
            request.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
          }
          var res = httpClient.SendAsync(request);
          res.Wait();
          var resp = res.Result;
          Task<string> temp = resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
          temp.Wait();
          return temp.Result;
        }

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