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Algorithms Algorithms(算法) bsearch bsearch_s qsort qsort_s Atomic operations Atomic operations library(原子操作库) ATOMIC_*_LOCK_FREE atomic_compare_exchange_strong atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit atomic_compare_exchange_weak atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit atomic_exchange atomic_exchange_explicit atomic_fetch_add atomic_fetch_add_explicit atomic_fetch_and atomic_fetch_and_explicit atomic_fetch_or atomic_fetch_or_explicit atomic_fetch_sub atomic_fetch_sub_explicit atomic_fetch_xor atomic_fetch_xor_explicit atomic_flag atomic_flag_clear atomic_flag_clear_explicit ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT atomic_flag_test_and_set atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit atomic_init atomic_is_lock_free atomic_load atomic_load_explicit atomic_signal_fence atomic_store atomic_store_explicit atomic_thread_fence(线程围栏) ATOMIC_VAR_INIT kill_dependency memory_order(内存排序) C keywords auto(自动存储) break(跳出循环) C keywords(关键词) case char const(常量修饰符) continue default(预设运算式) do double(双精度浮点型) else enum(枚举类型) extern(全局变量) 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Numerics abs acos acosf acosh acoshf acoshl acosl asin asinf asinh asinhf asinhl asinl atan atan2 atan2f atan2l atanf atanh atanhf atanhl atanl cabs cabsf cabsl cacos cacosf cacosh cacoshf cacoshl cacosl carg cargf cargl casin casinf casinh casinhf casinhl casinl catan catanf catanh catanhf catanhl catanl cbrt cbrtf cbrtl ccos ccosf ccosh ccoshf ccoshl ccosl ceil ceilf ceill cexp cexpf cexpl cimag cimagf cimagl clog clogf clogl CMPLX CMPLXF CMPLXL Common mathematical functions complex Complex number arithmetic conj conjf conjl copysign copysignf copysignl cos cosf cosh coshf coshl cosl cpow cpowf cpowl cproj cprojf cprojl creal crealf creall csin csinf csinh csinhf csinhl csinl csqrt csqrtf csqrtl ctan ctanf ctanh ctanhf ctanhl ctanl div double_t erf erfc erfcf erfcl erff erfl exp exp2 exp2f exp2l expf expl expm1 expm1f expm1l fabs fabsf fabsl fdim feclearexcept fegetenv fegetexceptflag fegetround feholdexcept feraiseexcept fesetenv fesetexceptflag fesetround fetestexcept feupdateenv FE_ALL_EXCEPT FE_DFL_ENV FE_DIVBYZERO FE_DOWNWARD FE_INEXACT FE_INVALID FE_OVERFLOW FE_TONEAREST FE_TOWARDZERO FE_UNDERFLOW FE_UPWARD Floating-point environment float_t floor floorf floorl fma fmaf fmal fmax fmaxf fmaxl fmin fminf fminl fmod fmodf fmodl fpclassify FP_INFINITE FP_NAN FP_NORMAL FP_SUBNORMAL FP_ZERO frexp frexpf frexpl HUGE_VAL HUGE_VALF HUGE_VALL hypot hypotf hypotl I ilogb ilogbf ilogbl imaginary imaxabs imaxdiv INFINITY isfinite isgreater isgreaterequal isinf isless islessequal islessgreater isnan isnormal isunordered labs ldexp ldexpf ldexpl ldiv lgamma lgammaf lgammal llabs lldiv llrint llrintf llrintl llround llroundf llroundl log log10 log10f log10l log1p log1pf log1pl log2 log2f log2l logb logbf logbl logf logl lrint lrintf lrintl lround lroundf lroundl MATH_ERREXCEPT math_errhandling MATH_ERRNO modf modff modfl nan NAN nanf nanl nearbyint nearbyintf nearbyintl nextafter nextafterf nextafterl nexttoward nexttowardf nexttowardl Numerics pow powf powl Pseudo-random number generation rand RAND_MAX remainder remainderf remainderl remquo remquof remquol rint rintf rintl round roundf roundl scalbln scalblnf scalblnl scalbn scalbnf scalbnl signbit sin sinf sinh sinhf sinhl sinl sqrt sqrtf sqrtl srand tan tanf tanh tanhf tanhl tanl tgamma tgammaf tgammal trunc truncf truncl Type-generic math _Complex_I _Imaginary_I Program support abort atexit at_quick_exit exit EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS getenv getenv_s jmp_buf longjmp Program support utilities quick_exit raise setjmp SIGABRT SIGFPE SIGILL SIGINT signal SIGSEGV SIGTERM sig_atomic_t SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN system _Exit Strings atof atoi atol atoll btowc c16rtomb c32rtomb char16_t char32_t isalnum isalpha isblank iscntrl isdigit isgraph islower isprint ispunct isspace isupper iswalnum iswalpha iswblank iswcntrl iswctype iswdigit iswgraph iswlower iswprint iswpunct iswspace iswupper iswxdigit isxdigit mblen mbrlen mbrtoc16 mbrtoc32 mbrtowc mbsinit mbsrtowcs mbsrtowcs_s mbstate_t mbstowcs mbstowcs_s mbtowc memchr memcmp memcpy memcpy_s memmove memmove_s memset memset_s Null-terminated byte strings Null-terminated multibyte strings Null-terminated wide strings strcat strcat_s strchr strcmp strcoll strcpy strcpy_s strcspn strerror strerrorlen_s strerror_s Strings library strlen strncat Thread support call_once cnd_broadcast cnd_destroy cnd_init cnd_signal cnd_timedwait cnd_wait mtx_destroy mtx_init mtx_lock mtx_plain mtx_recursive mtx_timed mtx_timedlock mtx_trylock mtx_unlock once_flag ONCE_FLAG_INIT thrd_busy thrd_create thrd_current thrd_detach thrd_equal thrd_error thrd_exit thrd_join thrd_nomem thrd_sleep thrd_success thrd_timedout thrd_yield Thread support library thread_local tss_create tss_delete TSS_DTOR_ITERATIONS tss_get tss_set Type support Boolean type support library Fixed width integer types FLT_EVAL_METHOD FLT_ROUNDS max_align_t NULL Numeric limits offsetof ptrdiff_t size_t Type support Variadic functions Variadic functions va_arg va_copy va_end va_list va_start
문자

提供了一种在编译时根据控制表达式的类型选择多个表达式之一的方法。

句法

_Generic ( controlling-expression , association-list )


(since C11)

其中关联列表是以逗号分隔的关联列表,每个关联列表都有语法。

type-name : expression



default : expression



其中

类型名

-

任何未经可变修改的完整对象类型(即不是VLA或指向VLA的指针)。

控制表达

-

如果不使用默认关联,则其类型必须与其中一个类型名称兼容的任何表达式(逗号运算符除外)

表达

-

任何类型和值类别的任何表达式(逗号运算符除外)

关联列表中没有两个类型名称可以指定兼容类型。可能只有一个关联使用关键字default。如果default没有使用,并且没有任何类型名称与控制表达式的类型兼容,程序将不会编译。

说明

控制表达式的类型(在适用的情况下应用左值转换后(如果支持,请参阅下面的注释))与关联列表中的类型名称进行比较。

如果类型与其中一个关联的类型名称兼容,则泛型选择的类型,值和值类别是出现在该类型的冒号后面的表达式的类型,值和值类别 - 名称。

如果没有任何类型名称与控制表达式的类型兼容,并且default提供了关联,则泛型选择的类型,值和值类别是表达式之后的类型,值和值类别该default :标签。

笔记

控制表达式和未选择的选择表达式从不被评估。

控制表达式的左值转换仍然是一个未解决的问题(DR 431 / n1930):clang 不执行它们并按照原样使用左值的类型:"abc"匹配char[4]而不是char*(int const){0}匹配const int而不是int)。同时,gcc执行控制表达式的左值转换(仅在类型域中:它放弃了顶级cvr限定符和原子性,或者将数组应用于控制表达式类型的指针/函数指针转换,而不启动任何副作用或计算任何值)。对于 GCC,"abc"匹配char*char[4](int const){0}的比赛int,而不是const int

所有值类别(包括函数指示符和无效表达式)都可以在通用选择中作为表达式使用,如果选择了,则通用选择本身具有相同的值类别。

<tgmath.h>在 C99中引入的类型通用数学宏以编译器特定的方式实现。在 C11中引入的通用选择为程序员提供了编写类似类型相关代码的能力。

泛型选择类似于C ++中的重载(其中几个函数中的一个是在编译时根据参数的类型选择的),除了它在任意表达式之间进行选择之外,与函数重载不同,函数可能具有不同的返回类型,甚至不同的价值类别。

关键词

_Generic, default.

#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> // Possible implementation of the tgmath.h macro cbrt#define cbrt(X) _Generic((X), \
              long double: cbrtl, \                  default: cbrt,  \/*for clang*/ const float: cbrtf, \
                    float: cbrtf  \)(X)
 int main(void){
    double x = 8.0;    const float y = 3.375;    printf("cbrt(8.0) = %f\n", cbrt(x)); // selects the default cbrt    printf("cbrtf(3.375) = %f\n", cbrt(y)); // gcc: converts const float to float,                                            // then selects cbrtf                                            // clang: selects cbrtf for const float}

输出:

cbrt(8.0) = 2.000000cbrtf(3.375) = 1.500000
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