C++ 가상 함수 및 가상 상속: 다중 상속의 복잡성 파악

class Shape {
public:
  virtual double area() const = 0; // 纯虚函数
};

class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
  Rectangle(double width, double height) : m_width(width), m_height(height) {}
  double area() const override { return m_width * m_height; } // 重写虚函数

private:
  double m_width;
  double m_height;
};

class Animal {
public:
  virtual void speak() const { cout << "Animal speaks" << endl; }
};

class Dog : virtual public Animal { // 虚继承
public:
  void speak() const override { cout << "Dog barks" << endl; }
};

class Cat : virtual public Animal { // 虚继承
public:
  void speak() const override { cout << "Cat meows" << endl; }
};

class SiberianHusky : public Dog, public Cat { // 多重继承
public:
  void speak() const override { cout << "Siberian Husky howls" << endl; }
};

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Shape {
public:
  virtual double area() const = 0;
};

class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
  Rectangle(double width, double height) : m_width(width), m_height(height) {}
  double area() const override { return m_width * m_height; }

private:
  double m_width;
  double m_height;
};

class Circle : public Shape {
public:
  Circle(double radius) : m_radius(radius) {}
  double area() const override { return M_PI * m_radius * m_radius; }

private:
  double m_radius;
};

int main() {
  // 创建形状的父类指针
  Shape* shape;

  // 创建矩形对象并将其分配给父类指针
  shape = new Rectangle(5, 10);
  cout << "矩形面积：" << shape->area() << endl;

  // 创建圆形对象并将其分配给父类指针
  shape = new Circle(3);
  cout << "圆形面积：" << shape->area() << endl;

  return 0;
}