일반적으로 사용되는 프런트 엔드 개발 디자인 패턴은 무엇입니까?

var Person = (function(){    
var name = "xin";    
var age = 22;    
function getName(){        
return name;
    }    
function getAge(){        
return age;
    }    
return {        
getName: getName,        
getAge: getAge
    }
})();
console.log(age); // 报错:age未定义
console.log(name); // 报错:name未定义
console.log(Person.age); // undefined
console.log(Person.name); // undefined只能通过Person提供的接口访问相应的变量
console.log(Person.getName()); // xin
console.log(Person.getAge()); // 22

function Person(name,age){    
this.name = name;    
this.age = age;
}
Person.prototype = {    
constructor: Person;
    printName: function(){        
console.log(this.name);
    },    printAge: function(){        
console.log(this.age);
    }
}var person = new Person('xin', 22);
person.printName(); // xin
person.printAge(); // 22

function Person(name,age){    
this.name = name;    
this.age = age;
};
Person.prototype.printName = function(){    
console.log(this.name);
}function Student(name,age){
    //继承 Person 的属性
    Person.call(this,name,age);
}function create(prototype){    
function F(){};
    F.prototype = prototype;    
    return new F();
}
//让Student的原型指向一个对象,该对象的原型指向了Person.prototype,通过这种方式继承 Person 的方法
Student.prototype = create(Person.prototype);
Student.prototype.printAge = function(){    
console.log(this.age);
}var student = new Student('xin',22);
student.printName(); // "xin"

function Person(name, age){    
var person = new Object();
    person.name = name;
    person.age = age;
    person.printName = function(){        
    console.log(this.name);
    };
    person.printAge = function(){        
    console.log(this.age);
    }    
    return person;
}
var person = Person('xin',22);

var Singleton = (function (){    
var instance;    
function init(){        
return {
        };
    }    return {        
    getInstance: function(){            
    if(!instance){
               instace = init();
            }            return instance;
        }
    };
})();