Laravel 서비스 컨테이너(IocContainer) 해석

$api = new HelpSpot\API(new HttpClient);
$this->app->instance('HelpSpot\Api', $api);

［
     'HelpSpot\Api' => $api//$api是API类的对象，这里简写了
 ］

1.绑定自身
$this->app->bind('HelpSpot\API', null);

2.绑定闭包
$this->app->bind('HelpSpot\API', function () {
    return new HelpSpot\API();
});//闭包直接提供类实现方式
$this->app->bind('HelpSpot\API', function ($app) {
    return new HelpSpot\API($app->make('HttpClient'));
});//闭包返回需要依赖注入的类
3. 绑定接口和实现
$this->app->bind('Illuminate\Tests\Container\IContainerContractStub', 'Illuminate\Tests\Container\ContainerImplementationStub');

public function bind($abstract, $concrete = null, $shared = false)
{
    $abstract = $this->normalize($abstract);
    
    $concrete = $this->normalize($concrete);
    //如果$abstract为数组类似['Illuminate/ServiceName' => 'service_alias']
    //抽取别名"service_alias"并且注册到$aliases[]中
    //注意：数组绑定别名的方式在5.4中被移除，别名绑定请使用下面的alias方法
    if (is_array($abstract)) {
        list($abstract, $alias) = $this->extractAlias($abstract);

        $this->alias($abstract, $alias);
    }

    $this->dropStaleInstances($abstract);

    if (is_null($concrete)) {
        $concrete = $abstract;
    }
    //如果只提供$abstract，则在这里为其生成concrete闭包
    if (! $concrete instanceof Closure) {
        $concrete = $this->getClosure($abstract, $concrete);
    }

    $this->bindings[$abstract] = compact('concrete', 'shared');

    if ($this->resolved($abstract)) {
        $this->rebound($abstract);
    }
}


protected function getClosure($abstract, $concrete)
{
    // $c 就是$container，即服务容器，会在回调时传递给这个变量
    return function ($c, $parameters = []) use ($abstract, $concrete) {
        $method = ($abstract == $concrete) ? 'build' : 'make';

        return $c->$method($concrete, $parameters);
    };
}

$bindings = [
    'HelpSpot\API' =>  [//闭包绑定
        'concrete' => function ($app, $paramters = []) {
            return $app->build('HelpSpot\API');
        },
        'shared' => false//如果是singleton绑定，这个值为true
    ]        
    'Illuminate\Tests\Container\IContainerContractStub' => [//接口实现绑定
        'concrete' => 'Illuminate\Tests\Container\ContainerImplementationStub',
        'shared' => false
    ]
]

public function singleton($abstract, $concrete = null)
{
    $this->bind($abstract, $concrete, true);
}

public function alias($abstract, $alias)
{
    $this->aliases[$alias] = $this->normalize($abstract);
}

$this->app->alias('\Illuminate\ServiceName', 'service_alias');

$this->app->make('service_alias');

/**
 * Resolve the given type from the container.
 *
 * @param  string  $abstract
 * @param  array   $parameters
 * @return mixed
 */
public function make($abstract, array $parameters = [])
{
    //getAlias方法会假定$abstract是绑定的别名，从$aliases找到映射的真实类型名
    //如果没有映射则$abstract即为真实类型名，将$abstract原样返回
    $abstract = $this->getAlias($this->normalize($abstract));

    // 如果服务是通过instance()方式绑定的，就直接解析返回绑定的service
    if (isset($this->instances[$abstract])) {
        return $this->instances[$abstract];
    }

    // 获取$abstract接口对应的$concrete(接口的实现)
    $concrete = $this->getConcrete($abstract);

    if ($this->isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)) {
        $object = $this->build($concrete, $parameters);
    } else {
        //如果时接口实现这种绑定方式，通过接口拿到实现后需要再make一次才能
        //满足isBuildable的条件 ($abstract === $concrete)
        $object = $this->make($concrete, $parameters);
    }

    foreach ($this->getExtenders($abstract) as $extender) {
        $object = $extender($object, $this);
    }

    //如果服务是以singleton方式注册进来的则，把构建好的服务对象放到$instances里，
    //避免下次使用时重新构建
    if ($this->isShared($abstract)) {
        $this->instances[$abstract] = $object;
    }

    $this->fireResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object);

    $this->resolved[$abstract] = true;

    return $object;
}

protected function getConcrete($abstract)
{
    if (! is_null($concrete = $this->getContextualConcrete($abstract))) {
        return $concrete;
    }

    // 如果是$abstract之前没有注册类实现到服务容器里，则服务容器会认为$abstract本身就是接口的类实现
    if (! isset($this->bindings[$abstract])) {
        return $abstract;
    }

    return $this->bindings[$abstract]['concrete'];
}

protected function isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)
{        
    return $concrete === $abstract || $concrete instanceof Closure;
}

public function build($concrete, array $parameters = [])
{
    // 如果是闭包直接执行闭包并返回（对应闭包绑定）
    if ($concrete instanceof Closure) {
        return $concrete($this, $parameters);
    }
    
    // 使用反射ReflectionClass来对实现类进行反向工程
    $reflector = new ReflectionClass($concrete);

    // 如果不能实例化，这应该是接口或抽象类，再或者就是构造函数是private的
    if (! $reflector->isInstantiable()) {
        if (! empty($this->buildStack)) {
            $previous = implode(', ', $this->buildStack);

            $message = "Target [$concrete] is not instantiable while building [$previous].";
        } else {
            $message = "Target [$concrete] is not instantiable.";
        }

        throw new BindingResolutionException($message);
    }

    $this->buildStack[] = $concrete;

    // 获取构造函数
    $constructor = $reflector->getConstructor();

    // 如果构造函数是空，说明没有任何依赖，直接new返回
    if (is_null($constructor)) {
        array_pop($this->buildStack);

        return new $concrete;
    }
    
    // 获取构造函数的依赖（形参），返回一组ReflectionParameter对象组成的数组表示每一个参数
    $dependencies = $constructor->getParameters();

    $parameters = $this->keyParametersByArgument(
        $dependencies, $parameters
    );

    // 构建构造函数需要的依赖
    $instances = $this->getDependencies(
        $dependencies, $parameters
    );

    array_pop($this->buildStack);

    return $reflector->newInstanceArgs($instances);
}

//获取依赖
protected function getDependencies(array $parameters, array $primitives = [])
{
    $dependencies = [];

    foreach ($parameters as $parameter) {
        $dependency = $parameter->getClass();

        // 某一依赖值在$primitives中(即build方法的$parameters参数)已提供
        // $parameter->name返回参数名
        if (array_key_exists($parameter->name, $primitives)) {
            $dependencies[] = $primitives[$parameter->name];
        } 
        elseif (is_null($dependency)) {
             // 参数的ReflectionClass为null，说明是基本类型，如'int','string'
            $dependencies[] = $this->resolveNonClass($parameter);
        } else {
             // 参数是一个类的对象， 则用resolveClass去把对象解析出来
            $dependencies[] = $this->resolveClass($parameter);
        }
    }

    return $dependencies;
}

//解析出依赖类的对象
protected function resolveClass(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
{
    try {
        // $parameter->getClass()->name返回的是类名（参数在typehint里声明的类型）
        // 然后递归继续make（在make时发现依赖类还有其他依赖，那么会继续make依赖的依赖
        // 直到所有依赖都被解决了build才结束)
        return $this->make($parameter->getClass()->name);
    } catch (BindingResolutionException $e) {
        if ($parameter->isOptional()) {
            return $parameter->getDefaultValue();
        }

        throw $e;
    }
}