package com.mypack.web.rmi;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.rmi.Naming;
import java.rmi.RMISecurityManager;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
import java.rmi.server.RMIClassLoader;
import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* The default RMI socket factory contains several "fallback" mechanisms which
* enable an RMI client to communicate with a remote server. When an RMI client
* initiates contact with a remote server, it attempts to establish a connection
* using each of the following protocols in turn, until one succeeds:
*
* 1. Direct TCP connection. 2. Direct HTTP connection. 3. Proxy connection
* (SOCKS or HTTP). 4. Connection on port 80 over HTTP to a CGI script. 5. Proxy
* HTTP connection to CGI script on port 80.
*
* The RMI ServletHandler can be used as replacement for the java-rmi.cgi script
* that comes with the Java Development Kit (and is invoked in protocols 4 and 5
* above). The java-rmi.cgi script and the ServletHandler both function as proxy
* applications that forward remote calls embedded in HTTP to local RMI servers
* which service these calls. The RMI ServletHandler enables RMI to tunnel
* remote method calls over HTTP more efficiently than the existing java-rmi.cgi
* script. The ServletHandler is only loaded once from the servlet
* administration utility. The script, java-rmi.cgi, is executed once every
* remote call.
*
* The ServletHandler class contains methods for executing as a Java servlet
* extension. Because the RMI protocol only makes use of the HTTP post command,
* the ServletHandler only supports the <code>doPost</code>
* <code>HttpServlet</code> method. The <code>doPost</code> method of this class
* interprets a servlet request's query string as a command of the form
* "<command>=<parameters>". These commands are represented by the abstract
* interface, <code>RMICommandHandler</code>. Once the <code>doPost</code>
* method has parsed the requested command, it calls the execute method on one
* of several command handlers in the <code>commands</code> array.
*
* The command that actually proxies remote calls is the
* <code>ServletForwardCommand</code>. When the execute method is invoked on the
* ServletForwardCommand, the command will open a connection on a local port
* specified by its <code>param</code> parameter and will proceed to write the
* body of the relevant post request into this connection. It is assumed that an
* RMI server (e.g. SampleRMIServer) is listening on the local port, "param."
* The "forward" command will then read the RMI server's response and send this
* information back to the RMI client as the body of the response to the HTTP
* post method.
*
* Because the ServletHandler uses a local socket to proxy remote calls, the
* servlet has the ability to forward remote calls to local RMI objects that
* reside in the ServletVM or outside of it.
*
* Servlet documentation may be found at the following location:
*
* http://jserv.javasoft.com/products/java-server/documentation/
* webserver1.0.2/apidoc/Package-javax.servlet.http.html
*/
public class ServletHandler extends HttpServlet implements Runnable {
/* Variables to hold optional configuration properties. */
/**
* serialVersionUID
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/** codebase from which this servlet will load remote objects. */
protected static String initialServerCodebase = null;
/** name of RMI server class to be created in init method */
protected static String initialServerClass = null;
/** name of RMI server class to be created in init method */
protected static String initialServerBindName = null;
/**
* RMICommandHandler is the abstraction for an object that handles a
* particular supported command (for example the "forward" command
* "forwards" call information to a remote server on the local machine).
*
* The command handler is only used by the ServletHandler so the interface
* is protected.
*/
protected interface RMICommandHandler {
/**
* Return the string form of the command to be recognized in the query
* string.
*/
public String getName();
/**
* Execute the command with the given string as parameter.
*/
public void execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res,
String param) throws ServletClientException,
ServletServerException, IOException;
}
/**
* List of handlers for supported commands. A new command will be created
* for every service request
*/
private static RMICommandHandler commands[] = new RMICommandHandler[] {
new ServletForwardCommand(), new ServletGethostnameCommand(),
new ServletPingCommand(), new ServletTryHostnameCommand() };
/* construct table mapping command strings to handlers */
private static Hashtable commandLookup;
static {
commandLookup = new Hashtable();
for (int i = 0; i < commands.length; ++i)
commandLookup.put(commands[i].getName(), commands[i]);
}
/**
* Once loaded, Java Servlets continue to run until they are unloaded or the
* webserver is stopped. This example takes advantage of the extended
* Servlet life-cycle and runs a remote object in the Servlet VM.
*
* To initialize this remote object the Servlet Administrator should specify
* a set of parameters which will be used to download and install an initial
* remote server (see readme.txt).
*
* If configuration parameters are valid (not blank), the servlet will
* attempt to load and start a remote object and a registry in which the
* object may be bound.
*
* @param config
* Standard configuration object for an http servlet.
*
* @exception ServletException
* Calling <code>super.init(config)</code> may cause a
* servlet exception to be thrown.
*/
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
super.init(config);
try {
setConfigParameters(config);
if (!verifyConfigParameters()) {
// dont export any objects.
System.err.println("Some optional parameters not set, "
+ "remote object not exported; "
+ "ServletHandler is runnning.");
return;
}
/*
* RMI requires that a local security manager be responsible for the
* method invocations from remote clients - we need to make sure a
* security manager is installed.
*/
if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
System.setSecurityManager(new RMISecurityManager());
}
// create a registry if one is not running already.
try {
LocateRegistry.createRegistry(1099);
} catch (java.rmi.server.ExportException ee) {
// registry already exists, we'll just use it.
} catch (RemoteException re) {
System.err.println(re.getMessage());
re.printStackTrace();
}
/**
* Download and create a server object in a thread so we do not
* interfere with other servlets. Allow init method to return more
* quickly.
*/
(new Thread(this)).start();
System.out.println("RMI Servlet Handler loaded sucessfully.");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Exception thrown in RMI ServletHandler: "
+ e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Create the sample RMI server.
*/
public void run() {
try {
UnicastRemoteObject server = createRemoteObjectUsingDownloadedClass();
if (server != null) {
Naming.rebind(initialServerBindName, server);
System.err.println("Remote object created successfully.");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Exception received while intalling object:");
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Load and export an initial remote object. The implementation class for
* this remote object should not be loaded from the servlet's class path;
* instead it should be loaded from a URL location that will be accessible
* from a remote client. In the case of this example, that location will be
* <code>initialServerCodebase</code>
*/
UnicastRemoteObject createRemoteObjectUsingDownloadedClass()
throws Exception {
UnicastRemoteObject server = null;
Class serverClass = null;
int MAX_RETRY = 5;
int retry = 0;
int sleep = 2000;
while ((retry < MAX_RETRY) && (serverClass == null)) {
try {
System.err.println("Attempting to load remote class...");
serverClass = RMIClassLoader.loadClass(new URL(
initialServerCodebase), initialServerClass);
// Before we instantiate the obj. make sure it
// is a UnicastRemoteObject.
if (!Class.forName("java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject")
.isAssignableFrom(serverClass)) {
System.err.println("This example requires an "
+ " instance of UnicastRemoteObject,"
+ " remote object not exported.");
} else {
System.out.println("Server class loaded successfully...");
server = ((UnicastRemoteObject) serverClass.newInstance());
}
} catch (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
retry++;
/**
* The class for the remote object could not be loaded, perhaps
* the webserver has not finished initializing itself yet. Try
* to load the class a few more times...
*/
if (retry >= MAX_RETRY) {
System.err.println("Failed to load remote server "
+ " class. Remote object not " + " exported... ");
} else {
System.err.println("Could not load remote class, "
+ "trying again...");
try {
Thread.sleep(sleep);
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
}
continue;
}
}
}
return server;
}
/*
* NOTE: If you are using JDK1.2Beta4 or later, it is recommended that you
* provide your servlet with a destroy method that will unexport any remote
* objects that your servlet ever exports. As mentioned in the readme file
* for this example, it is not possible to unexport remote objects in
* JDK1.1.x; there is no method in the RMI 1.1 public API that will perform
* this task. To restart remote objects in the servlet VM, you will have to
* restart your webserver. In JDK1.2x, the methods to unexport a remote
* object are as follows:
*
* java.rmi.activation.Activatable. unexportObject(Remote obj, boolean
* force) java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject. unexportObject(Remote obj,
* boolean force)
*/
/**
* Execute the command given in the servlet request query string. The string
* before the first '=' in the queryString is interpreted as the command
* name, and the string after the first '=' is the parameters to the
* command.
*
* @param req
* HTTP servlet request, contains incoming command and arguments
* @param res
* HTTP servlet response
* @exception ServletException
* and IOException when invoking methods of
* <code>req<code> or <code>res<code>.
*/
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
// Command and parameter for this POST request.
String queryString = req.getQueryString();
String command, param;
int delim = queryString.indexOf("=");
if (delim == -1) {
command = queryString;
param = "";
} else {
command = queryString.substring(0, delim);
param = queryString.substring(delim + 1);
}
System.out.println("command: " + command);
System.out.println("param: " + param);
// lookup command to execute on the client's behalf
RMICommandHandler handler = (RMICommandHandler) commandLookup
.get(command);
// execute the command
if (handler != null)
try {
handler.execute(req, res, param);
} catch (ServletClientException e) {
returnClientError(res, "client error: " + e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ServletServerException e) {
returnServerError(res, "internal server error: "
+ e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
else
returnClientError(res, "invalid command: " + command);
} catch (Exception e) {
returnServerError(res, "internal error: " + e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Provide more intelligible errors for methods that are likely to be
* called. Let unsupported HTTP "do*" methods result in an error generated
* by the super class.
*
* @param req
* http Servlet request, contains incoming command and arguments
*
* @param res
* http Servlet response
*
* @exception ServletException
* and IOException when invoking methods of
* <code>req<code> or <code>res<code>.
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
returnClientError(res, "GET Operation not supported: "
+ "Can only forward POST requests.");
}
public void doPut(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
returnClientError(res, "PUT Operation not supported: "
+ "Can only forward POST requests.");
}
public String getServletInfo() {
return "RMI Call Forwarding Servlet Servlet.<br>\n";
}
/**
* Return an HTML error message indicating there was error in the client's
* request.
*
* @param res
* Servlet response object through which <code>message</code>
* will be written to the client which invoked one of this
* servlet's methods.
* @param message
* Error message to be written to client.
*/
private static void returnClientError(HttpServletResponse res,
String message) throws IOException {
res
.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, "<HTML><HEAD>"
+ "<TITLE>Java RMI Client Error</TITLE>" + "</HEAD>"
+ "<BODY>" + "<H1>Java RMI Client Error</H1>" + message
+ "</BODY></HTML>");
System.err.println(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST
+ "Java RMI Client Error" + message);
}
/**
* Return an HTML error message indicating an internal error occurred here
* on the server.
*
* @param res
* Servlet response object through which <code>message</code>
* will be written to the servlet client.
* @param message
* Error message to be written to servlet client.
*/
private static void returnServerError(HttpServletResponse res,
String message) throws IOException {
res.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
"<HTML><HEAD>" + "<TITLE>Java RMI Server Error</TITLE>"
+ "</HEAD>" + "<BODY>"
+ "<H1>Java RMI Server Error</H1>" + message
+ "</BODY></HTML>");
System.err.println(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
+ "Java RMI Server Error: " + message);
}
/**
* Retrieve parameters from servlet configuration object.
*
* @param config
* Standard configuration object for an HTTP servlet.
*/
protected synchronized void setConfigParameters(ServletConfig config) {
try {
initialServerCodebase = config
.getInitParameter("rmiservlethandler.initialServerCodebase");
initialServerClass = config
.getInitParameter("rmiservlethandler.initialServerClass");
initialServerBindName = config
.getInitParameter("rmiservlethandler.initialServerBindName");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("");
System.err.println("Could not access init parameter:");
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Ensure that servlet configuration parameters are valid.
*
* @return <code>true</code> if all relevant configuration parameters are
* valid (i.e. not "") <code>false</code> otherwise.
*/
protected synchronized boolean verifyConfigParameters() {
return ((verifyParameter("rmiservlethandler.initialServerClass ",
initialServerClass))
&& (verifyParameter("rmiservlethandler.initialServerBindName ",
initialServerBindName)) && (verifyParameter(
"rmiservlethandler.initialServerCodebase",
initialServerCodebase)));
}
/**
* Verify that a single parameter is valid.
*
* @return <code>true</code> if the parameter is valid.
*/
protected boolean verifyParameter(String parameterName, String parameter) {
if ((parameter == null) || (parameter.equals(""))) {
System.err.println("optional parameter is invalid and "
+ "will not be used: \n " + parameterName + " = "
+ parameter);
return false;
} else {
System.err.println(parameterName + " " + "valid: " + parameter);
}
return true;
}
/*
* The ServletHandler class is the only object that needs to access the
* CommandHandler subclasses, so we write the commands internal to the
* servlet handler.
*/
/**
* Class that has an execute command to forward request body to local port
* on the server and send server reponse back to client.
*/
protected static class ServletForwardCommand implements RMICommandHandler {
public String getName() {
return "forward";
}
/**
* Execute the forward command. Forwards data from incoming servlet
* request to a port on the local machine. Presumably, an RMI server
* will be reading the data that this method sends.
*
* @param req
* The servlet request.
* @param res
* The servlet response.
* @param param
* Port to which data will be sent.
*/
public void execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res,
String param) throws ServletClientException,
ServletServerException, IOException {
int port;
try {
port = Integer.parseInt(param);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
throw new ServletClientException("invalid port number: "
+ param);
}
if (port <= 0 || port > 0xFFFF)
throw new ServletClientException("invalid port: " + port);
if (port < 1024)
throw new ServletClientException("permission denied for port: "
+ port);
byte buffer[];
Socket socket;
try {
socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), port);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ServletServerException("could not connect to "
+ "local port");
}
// read client's request body
DataInputStream clientIn = new DataInputStream(req.getInputStream());
buffer = new byte[req.getContentLength()];
try {
clientIn.readFully(buffer);
} catch (EOFException e) {
throw new ServletClientException("unexpected EOF "
+ "reading request body");
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ServletClientException("error reading request"
+ " body");
}
DataOutputStream socketOut = null;
// send to local server in HTTP
try {
socketOut = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
socketOut.writeBytes("POST / HTTP/1.0\r\n");
socketOut.writeBytes("Content-length: "
+ req.getContentLength() + "\r\n\r\n");
socketOut.write(buffer);
socketOut.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ServletServerException("error writing to server");
}
// read response from local server
DataInputStream socketIn;
try {
socketIn = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ServletServerException("error reading from "
+ "server");
}
String key = "Content-length:".toLowerCase();
boolean contentLengthFound = false;
String line;
int responseContentLength = -1;
do {
try {
line = socketIn.readLine();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ServletServerException(
"error reading from server");
}
if (line == null)
throw new ServletServerException(
"unexpected EOF reading server response");
if (line.toLowerCase().startsWith(key)) {
if (contentLengthFound)
; // what would we want to do in this case??
responseContentLength = Integer.parseInt(line.substring(
key.length()).trim());
contentLengthFound = true;
}
} while ((line.length() != 0) && (line.charAt(0) != '\r')
&& (line.charAt(0) != '\n'));
if (!contentLengthFound || responseContentLength < 0)
throw new ServletServerException(
"missing or invalid content length in server response");
buffer = new byte[responseContentLength];
try {
socketIn.readFully(buffer);
} catch (EOFException e) {
throw new ServletServerException(
"unexpected EOF reading server response");
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ServletServerException("error reading from server");
}
// send local server response back to servlet client
res.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
res.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
res.setContentLength(buffer.length);
try {
OutputStream out = res.getOutputStream();
out.write(buffer);
out.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ServletServerException("error writing response");
} finally {
socketOut.close();
socketIn.close();
}
}
}
/**
* Class that has an execute method to return the host name of the server as
* the response body.
*/
protected static class ServletGethostnameCommand implements
RMICommandHandler {
public String getName() {
return "gethostname";
}
public void execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res,
String param) throws ServletClientException,
ServletServerException, IOException {
byte[] getHostStringBytes = req.getServerName().getBytes();
res.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
res.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
res.setContentLength(getHostStringBytes.length);
OutputStream out = res.getOutputStream();
out.write(getHostStringBytes);
out.flush();
}
}
/**
* Class that has an execute method to return an OK status to indicate that
* connection was successful.
*/
protected static class ServletPingCommand implements RMICommandHandler {
public String getName() {
return "ping";
}
public void execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res,
String param) throws ServletClientException,
ServletServerException, IOException {
res.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
res.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
res.setContentLength(0);
}
}
/**
* Class that has an execute method to return a human readable message
* describing which host name is available to local Java VMs.
*/
protected static class ServletTryHostnameCommand implements
RMICommandHandler {
public String getName() {
return "hostname";
}
public void execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res,
String param) throws ServletClientException,
ServletServerException, IOException {
PrintWriter pw = res.getWriter();
pw.println("");
pw.println("<HTML>" + "<HEAD><TITLE>Java RMI Server Hostname Info"
+ "</TITLE></HEAD>" + "<BODY>");
pw.println("<H1>Java RMI Server Hostname Info</H1>");
pw.println("<H2>Local host name available to Java VM:</H2>");
pw.print("<P>InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName()");
try {
String localHostName = InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName();
pw.println(" = " + localHostName);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
pw.println(" threw java.net.UnknownHostException");
}
pw.println("<H2>Server host information obtained through Servlet "
+ "interface from HTTP server:</H2>");
pw.println("<P>SERVER_NAME = " + req.getServerName());
pw.println("<P>SERVER_PORT = " + req.getServerPort());
pw.println("</BODY></HTML>");
}
}
/**
* ServletClientException is thrown when an error is detected in a client's
* request.
*/
protected static class ServletClientException extends Exception {
public ServletClientException(String s) {
super(s);
}
}
/**
* ServletServerException is thrown when an error occurs here on the server.
*/
protected static class ServletServerException extends Exception {
public ServletServerException(String s) {
super(s);
}
}
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