C에서 파생 클래스에 대한 동적 캐스팅을 안전하게 수행하는 방법은 무엇입니까?

BaseType m_baseType;

DerivedType m_derivedType = m_baseType; // Error
DerivedType m_derivedType = (DerivedType)m_baseType; // Error
DerivedType * m_derivedType = (DerivedType*) &m_baseType; // Error

class Animal { /* Virtual members */ };
class Dog : public Animal {};
class Cat : public Animal {};

Dog     dog;
Cat     cat;
Animal& AnimalRef1 = dog;  // Upcasting OK
Animal& AnimalRef2 = cat;  // Upcasting OK
Animal* AnimalPtr1 = &dog; // Upcasting OK
Animal* AnimalPtr2 = &cat; // Upcasting OK

Cat&    catRef1 = dynamic_cast<Cat&>(AnimalRef1);  // Throws exception (not a cat)
Cat*    catPtr1 = dynamic_cast<Cat*>(AnimalPtr1);  // Returns NULL (not a cat)
Cat&    catRef2 = dynamic_cast<Cat&>(AnimalRef2);  // Succeeds
Cat*    catPtr2 = dynamic_cast<Cat*>(AnimalPtr2);  // Succeeds