Laravelでロールベースのアクセス制御を実装する方法

<?php

use IlluminateDatabaseMigrationsMigration;
use IlluminateDatabaseSchemaBlueprint;
use IlluminateSupportFacadesSchema;

class CreateRolesAndPermissionsTables extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        // 创建角色表
        Schema::create('roles', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name')->unique();
            $table->timestamps();
        });

        // 创建权限表
        Schema::create('permissions', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name')->unique();
            $table->timestamps();
        });

        // 创建用户表
        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name');
            $table->string('email')->unique();
            $table->string('password');
            $table->timestamps();
        });

        // 创建用户角色表
        Schema::create('role_user', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('role_id');
            $table->timestamps();
        });

        // 创建角色权限表
        Schema::create('permission_role', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('permission_id');
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('role_id');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        // 删除表格
        Schema::dropIfExists('permission_role');
        Schema::dropIfExists('role_user');
        Schema::dropIfExists('users');
        Schema::dropIfExists('permissions');
        Schema::dropIfExists('roles');
    }
}

php artisan migrate

<?php

namespace AppModels;

use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentFactoriesHasFactory;
use IlluminateFoundationAuthUser as Authenticatable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasFactory;

    /**
     * 获取用户的角色
     */
    public function roles()
    {
        return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class, 'role_user');
    }

    /**
     * 检查用户是否具有指定角色
     */
    public function hasRole($role)
    {
        return $this->roles->contains('name', $role);
    }
}

class Role extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    /**
     * 获取角色的权限
     */
    public function permissions()
    {
        return $this->belongsToMany(Permission::class, 'permission_role');
    }
}

class Permission extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
}

<?php

namespace AppPolicies;

use AppModelsUser;
use IlluminateAuthAccessHandlesAuthorization;

class PostPolicy
{
    use HandlesAuthorization;

    /**
     * 确定用户是否有权限更新一个帖子
     */
    public function update(User $user, Post $post)
    {
        return $user->hasRole('admin') || $user->hasRole('editor');
    }
}

<?php

namespace AppProviders;

use IlluminateSupportFacadesGate;
use IlluminateFoundationSupportProvidersAuthServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
use AppPoliciesPostPolicy;

class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
    protected $policies = [
        'AppModelsPost' => 'AppPoliciesPostPolicy',
    ];

    public function boot()
    {
        $this->registerPolicies();
    }
}

<?php

namespace AppHttpMiddleware;

use Closure;

class RoleMiddleware
{
    public function handle($request, Closure $next, ...$roles)
    {
        if (!$request->user()->hasAnyRole($roles)) {
            abort(403, 'Unauthorized action.');
        }

        return $next($request);
    }
}

<?php

use AppHttpMiddlewareRoleMiddleware;

Route::get('/admin/dashboard', function () {
    // 管理员和编辑者才能访问
})->middleware(RoleMiddleware::class . ':admin,editor');