es6 にはどのような新しい拡張機能が追加されますか?

function log(x, y = 'World') {
  console.log(x, y);
}

console.log('Hello') // Hello World
console.log('Hello', 'China') // Hello China
console.log('Hello', '') // Hello

function foo(x = 5) {
    let x = 1; // error
    const x = 2; // error
}

function foo({x, y = 5}) {
  console.log(x, y);
}

foo({}) // undefined 5
foo({x: 1}) // 1 5
foo({x: 1, y: 2}) // 1 2
foo() // TypeError: Cannot read property 'x' of undefined

function foo({x, y = 5} = {}) {
  console.log(x, y);
}

foo() // undefined 5

function f(x = 1, y) {
  return [x, y];
}

f() // [1, undefined]
f(2) // [2, undefined]
f(, 1) // 报错
f(undefined, 1) // [1, 1]

(function(...args) {}).length // 0

(function (a = 0, b, c) {}).length // 0
(function (a, b = 1, c) {}).length // 1

var f = function () {};

// ES5
f.name // ""

// ES6
f.name // "f"

const bar = function baz() {};
bar.name // "baz"

(new Function).name // "anonymous"

function foo() {};
foo.bind({}).name // "bound foo"

(function(){}).bind({}).name // "bound "

let x = 1;

function f(y = x) { 
  // 等同于 let y = x  
  let x = 2; 
  console.log(y);
}

f() // 1

// 报错
function doSomething(a, b = a) {
  'use strict';
  // code
}

// 报错
const doSomething = function ({a, b}) {
  'use strict';
  // code
};

// 报错
const doSomething = (...a) => {
  'use strict';
  // code
};

const obj = {
  // 报错
  doSomething({a, b}) {
    'use strict';
    // code
  }
};

var f = v => v;

// 等同于
var f = function (v) {
  return v;
};

var f = () => 5;
// 等同于
var f = function () { return 5 };

var sum = (num1, num2) => num1 + num2;
// 等同于
var sum = function(num1, num2) {
  return num1 + num2;
};

var sum = (num1, num2) => { return num1 + num2; }

let getTempItem = id => ({ id: id, name: "Temp" });

console.log(...[1, 2, 3])
// 1 2 3

console.log(1, ...[2, 3, 4], 5)
// 1 2 3 4 5

[...document.querySelectorAll('p')]
// [<p>, <p>, <p>]

[...document.querySelectorAll('p')]

const a1 = [1, 2];
const [...a2] = a1;
// [1,2]

const arr1 = ['a', 'b'];
const arr2 = ['c'];
const arr3 = ['d', 'e'];
[...arr1, ...arr2, ...arr3]
// [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' ]

const arr1 = ['a', 'b',[1,2]];
const arr2 = ['c'];
const arr3  = [...arr1,...arr2]
arr1[2][0] = 9999 // 修改arr1里面数组成员值
console.log(arr3 ) // 影响到arr3,['a','b',[9999,2],'c']

const [first, ...rest] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
first // 1
rest  // [2, 3, 4, 5]

const [first, ...rest] = [];
first // undefined
rest  // []

const [first, ...rest] = ["foo"];
first  // "foo"
rest   // []

const [...butLast, last] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
// 报错

const [first, ...middle, last] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
// 报错

[...'hello']
// [ "h", "e", "l", "l", "o" ]

let nodeList = document.querySelectorAll('p');
let array = [...nodeList];

let map = new Map([
  [1, 'one'],
  [2, 'two'],
  [3, 'three'],
]);

let arr = [...map.keys()]; // [1, 2, 3]

const obj = {a: 1, b: 2};
let arr = [...obj]; // TypeError: Cannot spread non-iterable object

let arrayLike = {
    '0': 'a',
    '1': 'b',
    '2': 'c',
    length: 3
};
let arr2 = Array.from(arrayLike); // ['a', 'b', 'c']

Array.from([1, 2, 3], (x) => x * x)
// [1, 4, 9]

Array.of(3, 11, 8) // [3,11,8]

Array() // []
Array(3) // [, , ,]
Array(3, 11, 8) // [3, 11, 8]

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].copyWithin(0, 3) // 将从 3 号位直到数组结束的成员（4 和 5），复制到从 0 号位开始的位置，结果覆盖了原来的 1 和 2
// [4, 5, 3, 4, 5]

[1, 5, 10, 15].find(function(value, index, arr) {
  return value > 9;
}) // 10

[1, 5, 10, 15].findIndex(function(value, index, arr) {
  return value > 9;
}) // 2

function f(v){
  return v > this.age;
}
let person = {name: 'John', age: 20};
[10, 12, 26, 15].find(f, person);    // 26

['a', 'b', 'c'].fill(7)
// [7, 7, 7]

new Array(3).fill(7)
// [7, 7, 7]

['a', 'b', 'c'].fill(7, 1, 2)
// ['a', 7, 'c']

or (let index of ['a', 'b'].keys()) {
  console.log(index);
}
// 0
// 1

for (let elem of ['a', 'b'].values()) {
  console.log(elem);
}
// 'a'
// 'b'

for (let [index, elem] of ['a', 'b'].entries()) {
  console.log(index, elem);
}
// 0 "a"

[1, 2, 3].includes(2)     // true
[1, 2, 3].includes(4)     // false
[1, 2, NaN].includes(NaN) // true

[1, 2, 3].includes(3, 3);  // false
[1, 2, 3].includes(3, -1); // true

[1, 2, [3, 4]].flat()
// [1, 2, 3, 4]

[1, 2, [3, [4, 5]]].flat()
// [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]

[1, 2, [3, [4, 5]]].flat(2)
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

// 相当于 [[2, 4], [3, 6], [4, 8]].flat()
[2, 3, 4].flatMap((x) => [x, x * 2])
// [2, 4, 3, 6, 4, 8]

const arr = [
  'peach',
  'straw',
  'apple',
  'spork'
];

const stableSorting = (s1, s2) => {
  if (s1[0] < s2[0]) return -1;
  return 1;
};

arr.sort(stableSorting)
// ["apple", "peach", "straw", "spork"]