PHP7 でエラーがどのように処理されるかについて話しましょう

function func_notice($num, $str, $file, $line) {
    print "Encountered notice $num in $file, line $line: $str\n";
}
function func_error($num, $str, $file, $line) {
    print "Encountered error $num in $file, line $line: $str\n";
}
set_error_handler("func_notice", E_NOTICE);
set_error_handler("func_error", E_ERROR);
echo $foo;

E_ERROR、E_PARSE、E_CORE_ERROR、E_CORE_WARNING、E_COMPILE_ERROR、E_COMPILE_WARNING、E_STRICT

function func_error($num, $str, $file, $line) {
    print "Encountered error $num in $file, line $line: $str\n";
}
set_error_handler('func_error', E_NOTICE);
$obj = 'foo';
$obj->method();

PHP Fatal error:  Call to a member function method() on string

$shutdownHandler = function(){
    print PHP_EOL;
    print "============================" . PHP_EOL;
    print "Running the shutdown handler" . PHP_EOL;
    $error = error_get_last();
    if (!empty($error))
    {
        print "Looks like there was an error: " . print_r($error, true) . PHP_EOL;
        // 可以添加记录日志的逻辑
    }
    else
    {
        // 程序正常运行结束
        print "Running a normal shutdown without error." . PHP_EOL;
    }
};
register_shutdown_function($shutdownHandler);
$obj = 'foo';
$obj->method();

PHP Fatal error:  Call to a member function method() on string in /home/chenyan/test.php on line 24
============================
Running the shutdown handler
Looks like there was an error: Array
(
    [type] => 1
    [message] => Call to a member function method() on string
    [file] => /home/chenyan/test.php
    [line] => 24
)

function func_notice($num, $str, $file, $line) {
    print "Encountered notice : $str\n";
}
set_error_handler("func_notice", E_NOTICE);
set_error_handler("func_notice", E_NOTICE);
set_error_handler("func_notice", E_NOTICE);
echo $foo;
set_error_handler("func_notice", E_NOTICE);
echo $foo;
restore_error_handler();
echo $foo;
restore_error_handler();
echo $foo;
restore_error_handler();
echo $foo;
restore_error_handler();
echo $foo;

Encountered notice : Undefined variable: foo
Encountered notice : Undefined variable: foo
Encountered notice : Undefined variable: foo
Encountered notice : Undefined variable: foo
Encountered notice : Undefined variable: foo
PHP Notice:  Undefined variable: foo

try {
    $obj = 'foo';
    $obj->method();
} catch (\Error $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}

Call to a member function method() on string

// bak.sql 的大小为 377 M
// PHP 配置的 memory_limit = 128M
try {
    $file = './bak.sql';
    file_get_contents($file);
} catch (\Error $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}
// 执行以上代码，仍然会产生致命错误
PHP Fatal error:  Allowed memory size of 134217728 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 395191240 bytes)
// 抛出的 Error 没有被捕获并处理，代码依然会停止运行
$obj = 'foo';
$obj->method();
// 执行以上代码，由于并没有用 try/catch 捕获并处理抛出的 Error，程序仍然会停止运行
PHP Fatal error:  Uncaught Error: Call to a member function method() on string

interface Throwable
{
    public function getMessage(): string;
    public function getCode(): int;
    public function getFile(): string;
    public function getLine(): int;
    public function getTrace(): array;
    public function getTraceAsString(): string;
    public function getPrevious(): Throwable;
    public function __toString(): string;
}

interface CustomThrowable extends Throwable {}
class CustomException extends Exception implements CustomThrowable {}
throw new CustomException();

interface Throwable
    |- Exception implements Throwable
        |- Other Exception classes
    |- Error implements Throwable
        |- TypeError extends Error
        |- ParseError extends Error
        |- AssertionError extends Error
        |- ArithmeticError extends Error
            |- DivizionByZeroError extends ArithmeticError

function add(int $left, int $right)
{
    return $left + $right;
}
try {
    $value = add('left', 'right');
} catch (TypeError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}
// 运行以上代码，会输出：
Argument 1 passed to add() must be of the type int, string given

declare(strict_types = 1);
try {
    substr('abc');
} catch (TypeError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}
// 运行以上代码，会输出：
substr() expects at least 2 parameters, 1 given

// declare(strict_types = 1);
function add(string $left, string $right)
{
    return $left + $right;
}
try {
    $value = add(11, 22);
    echo $value;
} catch (TypeError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}
// 以上代码运行，会正常输出 33，PHP 会对传参的数据类型做转换（int→string→int）
// 但如将 PHP 改为严格模式，则运行是会抛出 TypeError
Argument 1 passed to add() must be of the type string, int given

// a.php
$a = 1
$b = 2
// test.php
try {
    require 'a.php';
} catch (ParseError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}
// 以上代码运行会输出：
syntax error, unexpected '$b' (T_VARIABLE)
// eval 函数中的代码存在语法错误
try {
    eval("$a = 1");
} catch (ParseError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}
// 以上代码运行会输出：
syntax error, unexpected end of file

ini_set('zend_assertions', 1);
ini_set('assert.exception', 1);
try {
    $test = 1;
    assert($test === 0);
} catch (AssertionError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}
// 运行以上代码会输出：
assert($test === 0)

try {
    $value = 1 << -1;
} catch (ArithmeticError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}
// 运行以上代码，会输出：
Bit shift by negative number
try {
    $value = intdiv(PHP_INT_MIN, -1);
} catch (ArithmeticError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}
// 运行以上代码，会输出：
Division of PHP_INT_MIN by -1 is not an integer

try {
    $value = 1 % 0;
    echo $value;
} catch (DivisionByZeroError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage(), "\n";
}
// 运行以上代码，会输出：
Modulo by zero
try {
    $value = intdiv(0, 0);
    echo $value;
} catch (DivisionByZeroError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage(), "\n";
}
// 运行以上代码，会输出：
Division by zero