PHP シングルトン パターンの使用例の詳細な説明

<?php
/**
*  单例模式
**/
class Db
{
  //保存全局实例
  private static $instance;
  //数据库连接句柄
  private $db;
  //数据库连接参数
  const HOSTNAME = "127.0.0.1";
  const USERNAME = "root";
  const PASSWORD = "root";
  const DBNAME = "testdb";
  //私有化构造函数，防止外界实例化对象
  private function construct()
  {
    $this->db = mysqli_connect(self::HOSTNAME,self::USERNAME,
      self::PASSWORD,self::DBNAME);
  }
  //私有化克隆函数，防止外界克隆对象
  private function clone()
  {
  }
  //单例访问统一入口
  public static function getInstance()
  {
    if(!(self::$instance instanceof self))
    {
      self::$instance = new self();
    }
    return self::$instance;
  }
  //数据库查询操作
  public function getinfo()
  {
    $sql = "select * from testtb";
    $res = mysqli_query($this->db,$sql);
    while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($res)) {
      echo $row[&#39;testcol&#39;] . &#39;<br />&#39;;
    }
    mysqli_free_result($res);
  }
}
$mysqli = Db::getInstance();
$mysqli->getinfo();
?>