SQL インジェクション攻撃から PHP アプリケーションを保護する

// Vulnerable Code
$user_id = $_GET['user_id'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $user_id";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);

SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 1 OR 1=1

   $conn = new mysqli("localhost", "username", "password", "database");

   if ($conn->connect_error) {
       die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
   }

   $stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?");

   $stmt->bind_param("i", $user_id); // "i" indicates the type is integer

   $user_id = $_GET['user_id'];
   $stmt->execute();

   $result = $stmt->get_result();
   while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
       // Process results
   }

   $stmt->close();
   $conn->close();

<?php
// Database connection
$conn = new mysqli("localhost", "username", "password", "database");

if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// Prepare statement
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?");
if ($stmt === false) {
    die("Prepare failed: " . $conn->error);
}

// Bind parameters
$user_id = $_GET['user_id'];
$stmt->bind_param("i", $user_id);

// Execute statement
$stmt->execute();

// Get results
$result = $stmt->get_result();
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
    echo "User ID: " . $row['id'] . "<br>";
    echo "User Name: " . $row['name'] . "<br>";
}

// Close statement and connection
$stmt->close();
$conn->close();
?>

   try {
       $pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=database", "username", "password");
       $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
   } catch (PDOException $e) {
       die("Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage());
   }

   $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id");

   $stmt->bindParam(':id', $user_id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
   $user_id = $_GET['user_id'];
   $stmt->execute();

   $results = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
   foreach ($results as $row) {
       echo "User ID: " . $row['id'] . "<br>";
       echo "User Name: " . $row['name'] . "<br>";
   }

setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

    // Prepare statement
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id");

    // Bind parameters
    $user_id = $_GET['user_id'];
    $stmt->bindParam(':id', $user_id, PDO::PARAM_INT);

    // Execute statement
    $stmt->execute();

    // Fetch results
    $results = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
    foreach ($results as $row) {
        echo "User ID: " . $row['id'] . "
";
        echo "User Name: " . $row['name'] . "
";
    }

} catch (PDOException $e) {
    die("Error: " . $e->getMessage());
}
?>