preg_match_all('/(\d{8}$[^<]+)/', $subject, $result, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER);
for ($i = 0; $i < count($result[0]); $i++) {
    # Matched text = $result[0][$i];
}

C'est tellement fastidieux d'utiliser des expressions régulières pour ce faire. Pouvez-vous rechercher directement des balises comme celle-ci :

var a = document.querySelectorAll('a');
        a.forEach((item)=>{
            console.log(item.innerText);
        })

$string = '<dd class="iqiyi"><a href="http://www.iqiyi.com/v_19rrbc8ups.html" target="_blank">20170408$http://www.iqiyi.com/v_19rrbc8ups.html</a></dd><dd class="iqiyi"><a href="http://www.iqiyi.com/v_19rrbd47ic.html" target="_blank">20170407$http://www.iqiyi.com/v_19rrbd47ic.html</a></dd><dd class="iqiyi"><a href="http://www.iqiyi.com/v_19rrnfp1nk.html" target="_blank">20170407$http://www.iqiyi.com/v_19rrnfp1nk.html</a></dd><dd class="iqiyi"><a href="http://www.iqiyi.com/v_19rrbcsn9g.html" target="_blank">20170406$http://www.iqiyi.com/v_19rrbcsn9g.html</a></dd>';

$ret = preg_match_all('#(<a.*?>)(.*?)(</a>)#', $string, $matchs);

var_dump($matchs);

$pattern = '/<a[^>]*>([^<]*)<\/a>/';
$temp = preg_match_all($pattern, $html, $match);