Comment implémenter l'algorithme d'arbre couvrant minimum à l'aide de Java

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Queue;

class Edge implements Comparable<Edge> {
    int from;
    int to;
    int weight;
    
    public Edge(int from, int to, int weight) {
        this.from = from;
        this.to = to;
        this.weight = weight;
    }
    
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Edge other) {
        return Integer.compare(this.weight, other.weight);
    }
}

public class Prim {
    public static List<Edge> calculateMST(List<List<Edge>> graph) {
        int n = graph.size();
        boolean[] visited = new boolean[n];
        Queue<Edge> pq = new PriorityQueue<>();
        
        // Start from vertex 0
        int start = 0;
        visited[start] = true;
        for (Edge e : graph.get(start)) {
            pq.offer(e);
        }
        
        List<Edge> mst = new ArrayList<>();
        while (!pq.isEmpty()) {
            Edge e = pq.poll();
            int from = e.from;
            int to = e.to;
            int weight = e.weight;
            
            if (visited[to]) {
                continue;
            }
            
            visited[to] = true;
            mst.add(e);
            
            for (Edge next : graph.get(to)) {
                if (!visited[next.to]) {
                    pq.offer(next);
                }
            }
        }
        
        return mst;
    }
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

class Edge implements Comparable<Edge> {
    int from;
    int to;
    int weight;
    
    public Edge(int from, int to, int weight) {
        this.from = from;
        this.to = to;
        this.weight = weight;
    }
    
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Edge other) {
        return Integer.compare(this.weight, other.weight);
    }
}

public class Kruskal {
    public static List<Edge> calculateMST(List<Edge> edges, int n) {
        List<Edge> mst = new ArrayList<>();
        Collections.sort(edges);
        
        int[] parent = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            parent[i] = i;
        }
        
        for (Edge e : edges) {
            int from = e.from;
            int to = e.to;
            int weight = e.weight;
            
            int parentFrom = findParent(from, parent);
            int parentTo = findParent(to, parent);
            
            if (parentFrom != parentTo) {
                mst.add(e);
                parent[parentFrom] = parentTo;
            }
        }
        
        return mst;
    }
    
    private static int findParent(int x, int[] parent) {
        if (x != parent[x]) {
            parent[x] = findParent(parent[x], parent);
        }
        
        return parent[x];
    }
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<List<Edge>> graph = new ArrayList<>();
        graph.add(new ArrayList<>());
        graph.add(new ArrayList<>());
        graph.add(new ArrayList<>());
        graph.add(new ArrayList<>());
        
        graph.get(0).add(new Edge(0, 1, 2));
        graph.get(0).add(new Edge(0, 2, 3));
        graph.get(1).add(new Edge(1, 0, 2));
        graph.get(1).add(new Edge(1, 2, 1));
        graph.get(1).add(new Edge(1, 3, 5));
        graph.get(2).add(new Edge(2, 0, 3));
        graph.get(2).add(new Edge(2, 1, 1));
        graph.get(2).add(new Edge(2, 3, 4));
        graph.get(3).add(new Edge(3, 1, 5));
        graph.get(3).add(new Edge(3, 2, 4));
        
        List<Edge> mst = Prim.calculateMST(graph);
        System.out.println("Prim算法得到的最小生成树：");
        for (Edge e : mst) {
            System.out.println(e.from + " -> " + e.to + "，权重：" + e.weight);
        }
        
        List<Edge> edges = new ArrayList<>();
        edges.add(new Edge(0, 1, 2));
        edges.add(new Edge(0, 2, 3));
        edges.add(new Edge(1, 2, 1));
        edges.add(new Edge(1, 3, 5));
        edges.add(new Edge(2, 3, 4));
        
        mst = Kruskal.calculateMST(edges, 4);
        System.out.println("Kruskal算法得到的最小生成树：");
        for (Edge e : mst) {
            System.out.println(e.from + " -> " + e.to + "，权重：" + e.weight);
        }
    }
}

Prim算法得到的最小生成树：
0 -> 1，权重：2
1 -> 2，权重：1
2 -> 3，权重：4
Kruskal算法得到的最小生成树：
1 -> 2，权重：1
0 -> 1，权重：2
2 -> 3，权重：4