Comment se connecter à la base de données MySQL en Java

CREATE TABLE `train_message` (
                                 `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键id',
                                 `train_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '列车名',
                                 `origin` varchar(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '始发地',
                                 `terminal` varchar(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '终到地',
                                 `departure_time` timestamp NOT NULL COMMENT '出站时间',
                                 `state` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '正常' COMMENT '列车状态',
                                 PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 *  数据库配置类
 *  @author 景苒
 */
public class DbConfig {
    public Connection dbConfig() throws SQLException {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        }catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.print("加载驱动失败!");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/message?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "123456";
        return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
    }
}

import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * 主函数，调用功能
 * @author 景苒
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
//        new GetMessage().getMessage();
//        new UpdateTrainState().updateTrainState();
//        new InsertTrain().insertTrain();
//        new GetNumber().getNumber();
    }
}

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * 查询沈阳到武汉的所有列车信息，按出发时间先后排序
 * @author 景苒
 */
public class GetMessage {
    public void getMessage() throws SQLException {
        Connection con = new DbConfig().dbConfig();
        String sql = "select * from `train_message` where origin = ? and terminal = ? ORDER BY departure_time ASC";
        String origin = "沈阳";
        String terminal = "武汉";
        PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
        ps.setString(1, origin);
        ps.setString(2, terminal);
        ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
        try {
            while (rs.next()) {
                System.out.println("列车名：" + rs.getString("train_name")
                        + " 始发站：" + rs.getString("origin")
                        + " 终到站：" + rs.getString("terminal")
                        + " 出发时间：" + rs.getString("departure_time")
                        + " 列车状态：" + rs.getString("state"));
            }
        }catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            ps.close();
            con.close();
        }
    }
}

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

/**
 * 修改T2255列车的状态为停运
 * @author 景苒
 */
public class UpdateTrainState {
    public void updateTrainState() throws SQLException {
        Connection con = new DbConfig().dbConfig();
        String sql = "UPDATE `train_message` SET state = '停运' WHERE train_name = 'T2255'";
        Statement statement = con.createStatement();
        try {
            int i = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
            if (i > 0) {
                System.out.println("更新成功");
            }else {
                System.out.println("更新失败");
            }
        }catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            statement.close();
            con.close();
        }
    }
}

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * 新增一辆列车信息（自己输入）
 * 始发时间为timestamp类型，输入时需要确保格式正确，如：2019-01-01 00:00:00
 * @author 景苒
 */
public class InsertTrain {
    public void insertTrain() throws SQLException {
        Connection con = new DbConfig().dbConfig();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String sql = "insert into `train_message` values(null, ?, ?, ?, ?, default)";
        System.out.print("请输入列车名：");
        String trainName = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入始发站：");
        String origin = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入终到站：");
        String terminal = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入始发时间：");
        String departureTime = scanner.nextLine();
        PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(sql);
        ps.setString(1, trainName);
        ps.setString(2, origin);
        ps.setString(3, terminal);
        ps.setString(4, departureTime);
        try {
            int i = ps.executeUpdate();
            if (i > 0) {
                System.out.println("添加成功");
            }else {
                System.out.println("添加失败");
            }
        }catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            ps.close();
            con.close();
        }
    }
}