Detailed explanation of golang function caching mechanism and best practices

The function caching mechanism in the Go language implements the storage and reuse of function results through sync.Pool, thus improving program performance. This mechanism has a significant effect on pure functions and frequently called functions. Best practices include choosing an appropriate cache size, using small objects, shortening object lifetimes, and caching only pure functions and frequently called functions.

Detailed explanation and best practices of Go language function caching mechanism

The function caching mechanism is an important performance optimization technology that can store frequently called functions The result is improved application performance. The Go language provides a built-in mechanism to support function caching. This article will introduce this mechanism in detail and provide best practices.

Principle and Mechanism

The function cache in the Go language is implemented through the sync.Pool type. sync.Pool is a collection of allocated objects that can be reused in a thread-safe environment. When a function is called, the Go language attempts to obtain the function result from sync.Pool. If the result is cached, it is returned directly; otherwise, the function is executed and the result is cached for future use.

Usage examples

import (
    "sync"
)

var pool = &sync.Pool{
    New: func() interface{} {
        return 0
    },
}

func GetCounter() *int {
    v := pool.Get().(*int)
    v++
    return v
}

func main() {
    for i := 0; i < 1000000; i++ {
        counter := GetCounter()
        fmt.Println(*counter)
        pool.Put(counter)
    }
}

Best practices

• Cache only pure functions: The function caching mechanism is only effective for pure functions, that is, it is not modified A function of its state or an external state.
• Cache only frequently called functions: It only makes sense to cache frequently called functions. For functions that are rarely called, the cost of caching is greater than the benefits.
• Choose appropriate cache capacity: The capacity of sync.Pool will affect performance. A capacity that is too small will result in frequent allocation of objects, while a capacity that is too large will waste memory. Ideally, the capacity should be large enough to accommodate commonly used function results, yet small enough to avoid unnecessary memory overhead.
• Use smaller objects: The smaller the cached objects, the better, because this will reduce the overhead of allocating and releasing objects.
• Use a short life cycle: When an object is no longer needed, it should be put back into sync.Pool as soon as possible to release its resources.

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