Detailed explanation of C++ function inheritance: How to use inheritance to achieve code decoupling and modularization?

Function inheritance is a C mechanism that enables code decoupling and modularization by deriving new functions from a base class and overriding them. Benefits include: Code decoupling: Separating code for base and derived classes. Modularization: Break functionality into individual modules to improve reusability. Scalability: Add new features without modifying the original code. Code reuse: Base class functions can be used in subclasses to eliminate duplicate code.

C Function Inheritance Explained: A Guide to Achieving Code Decoupling and Modularization

Function inheritance is a powerful mechanism in C that allows you to start from a base Classes derive new functions, thus enabling code decoupling and modularization. This simplifies code maintenance and increases reusability and flexibility.

Syntax of function inheritance

In C, use the override keyword to declare a derived function with the same signature as the base class function:

class Derived : public Base {
public:
  void foo() override;  // 派生函数
};

The override keyword ensures that the derived function overrides the base class function, rather than hiding the function.

Benefits

Functional inheritance provides the following benefits:

• Code decoupling: Separate the code of the base class and the derived class so that they Easy to modify and maintain.
• Modularization: Decompose functions into separate modules to improve code reusability.
• Scalability: Allows new features to be added without modifying the original code.
• Code reuse: Base class functions can be easily used in subclasses, eliminating duplicate code.

Practical case

Consider an example of a base class Shape and a derived class Circle:

class Shape {
public:
  virtual double area() = 0;  // 纯虚函数
};

class Circle : public Shape {
public:
  double radius;
  Circle(double r) : radius(r) {}
  double area() override;  // 覆盖 area() 函数
};

Shape is an abstract class that defines a pure virtual function area(), forcing all subclasses to implement this function. Circle Derives from Shape and provides a concrete implementation of the area() function, which calculates the area of ​​a circle.

Notes

• The derived function must have the same signature as the base class function, including return type, parameters and const keyword.
• If the derived class does not override the base class function, a compile-time error will occur.
• The overridden derived function can extend or modify the behavior of the base class function.
• During multiple inheritance, a derived class may inherit functions with the same name from multiple base classes, and the scope resolution operator needs to be used to specify the correct function.

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