How to use PHP functions to securely handle sensitive data?

How to safely handle sensitive data in PHP To safely handle sensitive data in PHP, the following steps are required: Encryption: Convert plain text into unreadable cipher text. Hashing: Generates a fixed-length code that changes even if the original data changes slightly. Validate user input: Prevent malicious input such as SQL injection or XSS attacks. Practical example: Store user passwords as hashes instead of clear text. Send data securely over the Internet using TLS/SSL encryption.

How to safely handle sensitive data in PHP

Introduction
In PHP development, It is critical to securely handle sensitive data such as user passwords, credit card information and personally identifiable information (PII). This article will describe how to use the PHP functions encrypt, hash and validate user input to ensure data security.

Encryption
Encryption uses algorithms to convert plain text into cipher text, which is unreadable to unauthorized users. PHP provides several encryption functions:

// 加密使用 OpenSSL 扩展
$encrypted = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $cipher, $key, 0, $iv);

Hash
Hashing converts data into a fixed-length code that changes even if the original data changes slightly. PHP provides hash functions:

// 使用内置 PHP 哈希生成 MD5 散列
$hash = md5($data);

Validate user input
Validating user input prevents malicious input, such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. Authentication can be performed using PHP functions:

// 验证电子邮件地址
if (!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
    throw new Exception("Invalid email address");
}

Practical case

Storing user passwords
Store user passwords as hashes instead Stored in clear text to prevent access by attackers.

$password = password_hash($plaintextPassword, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);

Send data securely
When sending data securely over the network, you can use TLS/SSL encryption.

// 使用 cURL 发送 HTTPS GET 请求
$ch = curl_init("https://example.com/api/endpoint");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true);
$response = curl_exec($ch);

Conclusion
By using the encryption, hashing and verification functions provided in PHP, sensitive data can be processed securely and data leakage and attacks can be prevented.

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