What are the best practice recommendations for function exception handling in C++?

In C exception handling, best practices include: using noexcept to declare functions that do not throw exceptions. Use try-catch blocks to catch exceptions in functions that throw exceptions. Rethrows the exception when it cannot be handled. Use error codes instead of exceptions in certain situations.

Best Practices for C Function Exception Handling

In C programming, exception handling is important for handling and recovering errors that occur in the program. Mistakes matter. Following best practices ensures robust code and minimizes the overhead of exception handling.

1. Use exception-safe code

• Ensure that all functions handle exceptions in a safe and consistent manner.
• Use the noexcept keyword to declare functions that do not throw exceptions to optimize performance.

int divide(int a, int b) noexcept {
  if (b == 0) throw std::invalid_argument("Division by zero");
  return a / b;
}

2. Catch exceptions correctly

• Use try-catch blocks in functions that throw exceptions. Catch exceptions.
• Only capture exception types that can be reasonably handled and provide meaningful error information.
• Use catch(...) as the last exception handler to catch unknown exceptions.

try {
  // 可能会抛出异常的代码
}
catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) {
  std::cerr << "Invalid argument: " << e.what() << std::endl;
}
catch (const std::out_of_range& e) {
  std::cerr << "Out of range: " << e.what() << std::endl;
}
catch (...) {
  std::cerr << "Unknown exception" << std::endl;
}

3. Rethrow the exception

• If the exception cannot be handled in the current function, please use the throw expression rethrow it.
• Ensure that the rethrown exception type matches the type thrown from the function.

void handle_error(std::exception& e) {
  // 处理错误
  throw; // 重新抛出异常
}

4. Use error codes instead of exceptions

• For some situations, it may be more appropriate to use error codes instead of exceptions.
• Error codes can convey error information without interrupting program execution.

enum class ErrorCodes {
  Success,
  InvalidInput,
  OutOfRange
};

ErrorCodes function() {
  // 返回错误码指示错误，而不是抛出异常
}

Practical case

The following example shows the use of exception handling in the divide function:

int main() {
  try {
    int result = divide(10, 2);
    std::cout << "Result: " << result << std::endl;
  }
  catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) {
    std::cerr << "Invalid argument: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

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