What are the advantages of Golang functions in object-oriented programming?

Go functions provide the following advantages in object-oriented programming: functional programming, supporting first-class values ​​and higher-order functions; object encapsulation, saving data and behavior in a structure; code reuse, creating common functions for different purposes Reuse in context; concurrent programming, use Goroutine and Channel to manage concurrent code.

Advantages of applying Go functions in object-oriented programming

Go is a statically typed programming language that offers simplicity and Concurrency features. Its functional mechanism has powerful advantages in object-oriented programming (OOP).

1. Functional programming

Go functions support first-class values, which can be passed as parameters, stored in data structures and used as return values. This allows you to write code with functional programming features such as mapping, filtering, and aggregation.

// 过滤奇数
func filterOdd(nums []int) []int {
    return append([]int{}, nums...) // 复制数组以避免修改原数组
}

// 使用映射将字符串转换为大写
func toUpper(strs []string) []string {
    return map(func(s string) string { return strings.ToUpper(s) }, strs)
}

2. Object encapsulation

Go functions can be used as methods of objects to achieve object encapsulation. This allows you to save data and behavior within a structure and access and modify them through methods.

type Employee struct {
    name string
    salary float64
}

func (e *Employee) GetSalary() float64 {
    return e.salary
}

func (e *Employee) SetSalary(salary float64) {
    e.salary = salary
}

3. Code reuse

Go functions can be used by multiple types to achieve code reuse. You can create common functions and reuse them in different contexts, making your code more maintainable and readable.

func min(a, b int) int {
    if a < b {
        return a
    }
    return b
}

4. Concurrent Programming

Go functions support concurrent programming, allowing you to write tasks that execute in parallel. Use Goroutines and Channels to easily create and manage concurrent code.

func main() {
    ch := make(chan int)
    go func() {
        ch <- 42
    }()
    fmt.Println(<-ch)
}

Practical case:

Suppose you need to develop a shopping cart system to track the items that shoppers add to their shopping carts. You can implement it using the following Go function:

type Item struct {
    name  string
    price float64
}

type Cart struct {
    items []*Item
}

func (c *Cart) AddItem(item *Item) {
    c.items = append(c.items, item)
}

func (c *Cart) GetTotalPrice() float64 {
    var total float64
    for _, item := range c.items {
        total += item.price
    }
    return total
}

func main() {
    cart := &Cart{}
    item1 := &Item{"Book", 10.99}
    item2 := &Item{"Computer", 1000.00}
    cart.AddItem(item1)
    cart.AddItem(item2)
    fmt.Println(cart.GetTotalPrice())
}

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