Python and C++ learning comparison: Which one is more promising?

The key to using Python to call WebAPI to obtain data is to master the basic processes and common tools. 1. Using requests to initiate HTTP requests is the most direct way. Use the get method to obtain the response and use json() to parse the data; 2. For APIs that need authentication, you can add tokens or keys through headers; 3. You need to check the response status code, it is recommended to use response.raise_for_status() to automatically handle exceptions; 4. Facing the paging interface, you can request different pages in turn and add delays to avoid frequency limitations; 5. When processing the returned JSON data, you need to extract information according to the structure, and complex data can be converted to Data

Object slice refers to the phenomenon that only part of the base class data is copied when assigning or passing a derived class object to a base class object, resulting in the loss of new members of the derived class. 1. Object slices occur in containers that directly assign values, pass parameters by value, or store polymorphic objects in storage base classes; 2. The consequences include data loss, abnormal behavior and difficult to debug; 3. Avoiding methods include passing polymorphic objects using pointers or references, or using smart pointers to manage the object life cycle.

Magic methods (dunder methods) in Python are special methods used to customize object behavior. They start and end with a double underscore, such as __init__ or __str__, and are automatically triggered when a specific syntax or built-in function is used. 1.__init__ is used to initialize the object; 2.__str__ and __repr__ define the readable string representation and reconstructible expression of the object respectively; 3.__add__, __sub__, etc. define the addition and subtraction operation behaviors; 4. Control and comparison operations such as __eq__, __lt__, etc. Implementing these methods, such as adding __add__ to custom class Point to support operations, makes the class behave more naturally and in line with expectations. make

Updating a JSON file requires three steps: reading, modifying, and writing. 1. Use json.load() to read the file into a Python data structure; 2. Access the modified value through keys such as data['age']=31 or nested modification; 3. Use json.dump(data,f) to save the changes back to the file and it is recommended to add indent to beautify the output. Before operation, you should confirm that the file exists and backups should be made if necessary. Remote data must be processed in conjunction with the requests module.

Using Python's multiprocessing module can improve performance, but attention should be paid to startup methods, Pool usage, process communication and exception handling. 1. Choose the appropriate startup method: fork (Unix fast but unstable), spawn (cross-platform recommendation), forkserver (property-suitable for frequent creation); 2. Use Pool to manage concurrent tasks, control the number of processes, and reasonably select map or apply_async; 3. Inter-process communication can be used to provide Queue, Pipe, Value, Array or Manager, pay attention to performance and security; 4. Strengthen exception handling, use logging to debug, and can be simulated by a single process during development.

There are many initialization methods in C, which are suitable for different scenarios. 1. Basic variable initialization includes assignment initialization (inta=5;), construction initialization (inta(5);) and list initialization (inta{5};), where list initialization is more stringent and recommended; 2. Class member initialization can be assigned through constructor body or member initialization list (MyClass(intval):x(val){}), which is more efficient and suitable for const and reference members. C 11 also supports direct initialization within the class; 3. Array and container initialization can be used in traditional mode or C 11's std::array and std::vector, support list initialization and improve security; 4. Default initialization

The destructor in C is a special member function that is automatically called when an object is out of scope or is explicitly deleted. Its main purpose is to clean up resources that an object may acquire during its life cycle, such as memory, file handles, or network connections. The destructor is automatically called in the following cases: when a local variable leaves scope, when a delete is called on the pointer, and when an external object containing the object is destructed. When defining the destructor, you need to add ~ before the class name, and there are no parameters and return values. If undefined, the compiler generates a default destructor, but does not handle dynamic memory releases. Notes include: Each class can only have one destructor and does not support overloading; it is recommended to set the destructor of the inherited class to virtual; the destructor of the derived class will be executed first and then automatically called.

In Python, the following points should be noted when merging strings using the join() method: 1. Use the str.join() method, the previous string is used as a linker when calling, and the iterable object in the brackets contains the string to be connected; 2. Make sure that the elements in the list are all strings, and if they contain non-string types, they need to be converted first; 3. When processing nested lists, you must flatten the structure before connecting.