From performance to syntax: The difference between Golang and C language revealed

Title: From performance to syntax: The difference between Golang and C language revealed

In recent years, Golang (Go), as an emerging programming language, has attracted much attention Favored by software developers. In contrast, C language, as an old programming language, has been widely used in various system programming fields. So, what are the differences between Golang and C language in terms of performance, syntax, etc.? This article will dive into the similarities and differences between the two languages ​​and explain them with concrete code examples.

1. Performance comparison

First, let’s compare the performance differences between Golang and C language. Although Golang is a high-level language and C language is a low-level language, Golang also has excellent performance in terms of performance. Golang's concurrency mechanism (goroutine and channel) makes it perform well when handling concurrent tasks, while C language requires threads and locks to achieve concurrency, and the code complexity is relatively high. Below we use a simple concurrent computing example to compare the performance of the two.

Golang sample code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func calculateSum(n int) int {
    sum := 0
    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
        sum += i
    }
    return sum
}

func main() {
    start := time.Now()
    result := calculateSum(1000000)
    elapsed := time.Since(start)
    fmt.Printf("Golang Result: %d, Time taken: %s
", result, elapsed)
}

C language sample code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int calculateSum(int n) {
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        sum += i;
    }
    return sum;
}

int main() {
    clock_t start = clock();
    int result = calculateSum(1000000);
    clock_t end = clock();
    double elapsed = ((double)(end - start)) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
    printf("C Result: %d, Time taken: %f seconds
", result, elapsed);
    return 0;
}

Through comparison of the above sample codes, we can find that when processing the same concurrent computing tasks, Golang The code is more concise and clear, and has better performance.

2. Syntax comparison

In addition to performance, there are also some obvious differences in syntax between Golang and C language. Golang has a concise and clear syntax structure and supports multiple programming paradigms such as object-oriented programming and functional programming, while the C language is relatively low-level and requires programmers to manually manage memory and other details. Below we use a simple structure example code to compare the grammatical features of the two.

Golang sample code:

package main

import "fmt"

type Person struct {
    Name   string
    Age    int
    Gender string
}

func main() {
    p := Person{Name: "Alice", Age: 25, Gender: "Female"}
    fmt.Printf("Name: %s, Age: %d, Gender: %s
", p.Name, p.Age, p.Gender)
}

C language sample code:

#include <stdio.h>

struct Person {
    char name[20];
    int age;
    char gender[10];
};

int main() {
    struct Person p = {"Alice", 25, "Female"};
    printf("Name: %s, Age: %d, Gender: %s
", p.name, p.age, p.gender);
    return 0;
}

As can be seen from the above sample code, Golang's structure definition is more concise, and through ## The #type keyword can create aliases for existing types, making the code more readable. In contrast, structure definition in C language is relatively cumbersome and requires programmers to manually manage pointers and other details.

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