Golang Docker Selenium Chrome是一种强大的组合，为开发人员提供了便捷且高效的工具链。Golang是一种高性能的编程语言，具有简洁的语法和强大的并发性能。Docker是一种容器化技术，可以将应用程序与其依赖项打包成一个独立的运行环境。Selenium是一个自动化测试工具，可以模拟用户在浏览器中的操作。而Chrome是一款流行的Web浏览器。通过结合使用这些工具，开发人员可以更方便地进行Web应用程序的开发和测试。在本文中，我们将深入探讨如何使用Golang Docker Selenium Chrome来加速开发过程，并分享一些实用技巧和最佳实践。
我在 golang 中有一个 api，它尝试连接到在 docker 镜像中运行的 selenium 服务器：
package main import ( "fmt" "time" "github.com/tebeka/selenium" "github.com/tebeka/selenium/chrome" ) func main() { // configuração webdriver (simulador) caps := selenium.capabilities{ "browsername": "chrome", "browserversion": "114.0", "se:novncport": 7900, "se:vncenabled": true, } chromecaps := chrome.capabilities{ args: []string{ "--headless", }, } caps.addchrome(chromecaps) // iniciando o servidor, conectado ao eu webdriver que esta rodando wd, err := selenium.newremote(caps, "http://localhost:4444/wd/hub") if err != nil { fmt.printf("falha ao iniciar o servidor selenium: %s\n", err.error()) return } defer wd.quit() time.sleep(10 * time.second) // inicia a pagina inicial kk err = wd.get("https://www.csonline.com.br/") if err != nil { fmt.printf("falha ao abrir a página de login: %s\n", err.error()) return } time.sleep(10 * time.second) // selecionar o elemento por id usernamefield, err := wd.findelement(selenium.byid, "dfgd") if err != nil { fmt.printf("falha ao encontrar o campo de usuário: %s\n", err) return } //populando os campos, ai é só repetir os passos err = usernamefield.sendkeys("dfglkdf) if err != nil { fmt.printf("falha ao preencher o campo de usuário: %s\n", err.error()) } passwordfield, err := wd.findelement(selenium.byid, "dfg") if err != nil { fmt.printf("falha ao encontrar o campo de senha: %s\n", err.error()) } err = passwordfield.sendkeys("dlfknvkxjcn ") if err != nil { fmt.printf("falha ao preencher o campo de senha: %s\n", err.error()) } // envia o formulário de login loginbutton, err := wd.findelement(selenium.bycssselector, "#next") if err != nil { fmt.printf("falha ao encontrar o botão de login: %s\n", err.error()) } err = loginbutton.click() if err != nil { fmt.printf("falha ao clicar no botão de login: %s\n", err.error()) } fmt.println("sucess") //aguarda um tempo para realizar login time.sleep(10 * time.second) access, err := wd.findelement(selenium.byid, "btnselectlogin") if err != nil { fmt.printf("falha ao encontrar o botão de acesso: %s\n", err) } err = access.click() if err != nil { fmt.printf("falha ao clicar no botão de acesso: %s\n", err) } fmt.println("sucess") localstoragescript := `return localstorage.getitem("cs.token");` // execute o script no contexto do navegador localstoragedata, err := wd.executescript(localstoragescript, nil) if err != nil { fmt.println("falha ao obter dados do localstorage:", err) } // imprima os dados do localstorage fmt.println("bearer", localstoragedata) }
我在docker中安装了selenium，如下所示：
docker pull selenium/standalone-chrome
我运行此命令在 docker 中启动 selenium：
docker run -d -p 4444:4444 -v /dev/shm:/dev/shm selenium/standalone-chrome
运行命令时 go run main.go 我在 go 终端中收到此错误：
invalid session id: unable to execute request for an existing session: unable to find session with id: build info: version: '4.10.0', revision: 'c14d967899' system info: os.name: 'linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-wsl2', java.version: '11.0.19' driver info: driver.version: unknown
在 docker 中的 selenium 日志中我得到：
WARN [SeleniumSpanExporter$1.lambda$export$3] - {"traceId": "171e16c9402c8f85639418c7b458f388","eventTime": 1687963769139610379,"eventName": "exception","attributes": {"exception.message": "Unable to execute request for an existing session: Unable to find session with ID: \nBuild info: version: '4.10.0', revision: 'c14d967899'\nSystem info: os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2', java.version: '11.0.19'\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown","exception.stacktrace": "org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchSessionException: Unable to find session with ID: \nBuild info: version: '4.10.0', revision: 'c14d967899'\nSystem info: os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2', java.version: '11.0.19'\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.grid.sessionmap.local.LocalSessionMap.get(LocalSessionMap.java:137)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession.lambda$loadSessionId$4(HandleSession.java:172)\n\tat io.opentelemetry.context.Context.lambda$wrap$2(Context.java:224)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession.execute(HandleSession.java:125)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$PredicatedRoute.handle(Route.java:384)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$CombinedRoute.handle(Route.java:347)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.Router.execute(Router.java:87)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.grid.web.EnsureSpecCompliantResponseHeaders.lambda$apply$0(EnsureSpecCompliantResponseHeaders.java:34)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter$1.execute(Filter.java:63)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$CombinedRoute.handle(Route.java:347)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$NestedRoute.handle(Route.java:271)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$CombinedRoute.handle(Route.java:347)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$CombinedRoute.handle(Route.java:347)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$CombinedRoute.handle(Route.java:347)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$CombinedRoute.handle(Route.java:347)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.AddWebDriverSpecHeaders.lambda$apply$0(AddWebDriverSpecHeaders.java:35)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorFilter.lambda$apply$0(ErrorFilter.java:44)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter$1.execute(Filter.java:63)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorFilter.lambda$apply$0(ErrorFilter.java:44)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter$1.execute(Filter.java:63)\n\tat org.openqa.selenium.netty.server.SeleniumHandler.lambda$channelRead0$0(SeleniumHandler.java:44)\n\tat java.base\u002fjava.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:515)\n\tat java.base\u002fjava.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)\n\tat java.base\u002fjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)\n\tat java.base\u002fjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)\n\tat java.base\u002fjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829)\n","exception.type": "org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchSessionException","http.flavor": 1,"http.handler_class": "org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession","http.host": "localhost:4444","http.method": "POST","http.request_content_length": "38","http.scheme": "HTTP","http.target": "\u002fsession\u002f\u002furl","http.user_agent": "Go-http-client\u002f1.1","session.id": ""}}
为什么会发生这种情况？有人可以提供帮助吗？
要使您的演示与selenium/standalone-chrome:latest（目前为selenium/standalone-chrome:4.10.0）一起使用，您需要将w3c设置为true：
chromeCaps := chrome.Capabilities{ Args: []string{ "--headless", }, W3C: true, }
如果你仔细查看容器的日志，你应该会看到类似这样的内容：
警告 [seleniumspanexporter$1.lambda$export$1] - org.openqa.selenium.sessionnotcreatedexception：无法启动新会话。与驱动程序服务创建会话时出错。停止驱动程序服务：无法启动新会话。握手响应与任何支持的协议不匹配。响应负载：{"sessionid":"4ef27eb4d2fbb1ebfe5cf2fb51df731b","status":33,"value":{"message":"会话未创建：缺少或无效的功能\n（驱动程序信息：chromedriver =114.0.5735.90 (386bc09e8f4f2e025eddae123f36f6263096ae49-refs/branch-heads/5735@{#1052}),platform=linux 5.19.0-43-通用 x86_64)"}}
这可能是由删除 json wire 协议支持引入的重大更改引起的，在selenium 4.9.0中提供。
我从演示中删除了"browserversion": "114.0"，然后针对selenium/standalone-chrome:4.8.3和selenium/standalone-chrome:4.9.0进行了测试。结果是，它适用于4.8.3，但不适用于4.9.0。这至少证明4.9.0引入了重大更改。
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