Create pub sub using go routine-Golang-php.cn

使用 go 例程创建 pub sub

Question content

I am trying to create a goroutine to complete the task

So I wrote this code. Tasks like a, b, c without dependencies are easy to implement and run well. Just encountered some problems in implementing dependent tasks d and e, each task has dependencies of 2 tasks.

There is only one connection point left, which creates a channel for each task and then delivers the message, which will be read by the dependent task to reduce the number of dependencies after the dependent task is completed. See checkpoint 1 comments in the code.

Can someone help me solve this problem? I'm just stuck on the part of how to implement goroutine in this case.

Code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

type task struct {
    isdone           bool
    dependencies     []*task
    subscribers      []*task
    donechan         chan bool
    numdependencies  int
    taskname         string
    informsubchannel chan bool //
}

func (t *task) executetask() {
    fmt.printf("task %s is getting executed...\n", t.taskname)
    // <-time.after(5 * time.second)
    fmt.printf("task %s is done!! <-------\n", t.taskname)
}

func (t *task) updatedependency() {
    var updateddependencies []*task
    for _, t := range t.dependencies {
        if !t.isdone {
            updateddependencies = append(updateddependencies, t)
        }
    }
    t.numdependencies = len(updateddependencies)
    fmt.printf("updating dependency for task: %s to %d\n", t.taskname, t.numdependencies)
    t.dependencies = updateddependencies
}

// if we are having dependencies for a task subscribe to those dependent task.
// when the dependent task is done inform it and reduce the no of dependencies.
// a --> d (d depends on a), a has finished its task so inform it subscribed task which is d here and reduce d dependencies.
func (t *task) informsubscriber() {
    if len(t.subscribers) > 0 {
        for _, sub := range t.subscribers {
            fmt.printf("task %s has informed subscriber %s\n", t.taskname, sub.taskname)
            sub.updatedependency()
        }
    }
}

// task is subscribed to dependent task. d has been subscribed to a, d will watch over the activity of a
func (t *task) setsubscriber(sub *task) {
    fmt.printf("set subscriber %s to task %s\n", sub.taskname, t.taskname)
    t.subscribers = append(t.subscribers, sub)
}

// go routine - background task execution
// mark it as completed
func (t *task) markcompleted() {
    for {
        select {
        case <-t.donechan:
            {
                t.isdone = true
                t.executetask()
                // inform all the subscribers that the task is completed and adjust their dependencies
                t.informsubscriber()
                close(t.donechan)
                return
            }
        default:
        }
    }
}

func (t *task) setdependency(tasks []*task) {
    t.dependencies = tasks
    t.numdependencies = len(t.dependencies)
}

// this will be use if dependent task are already done. will be used in checkpoint 1.
func (t *task) trackdependency() {
    t.numdependencies -= 1
    fmt.printf("no of dependencies for task %s is: %d\n", t.taskname, t.numdependencies)
    if t.numdependencies == 0 { // execute task
        t.donechan <- true
    }
}

func (t *task) start() {
    fmt.printf("running task %s\n", t.taskname)
    t.updatedependency()
    go t.markcompleted()

    if t.numdependencies > 0 {

        // for every dependent task
        for _, dep := range t.dependencies {
            // create subscribers
            dep.setsubscriber(t)
            // what if all dependencies are already executed. subscriber won't help as they won't be marked completed as already done.
            // say a and c are already done then d won't be able to complete itself since it's still waiting for them
            // if dependencies are already finished mark it as completed too

            // code: handle the dependent case here(unable to implement)
            // background function for tracking dependency
            // checkpoint 1: read dependent task channel value & reduce dependencies if done
            go t.trackdependency()
        }
        fmt.printf("task %s has %d dependencies and waiting for them to get finished\n", t.taskname, t.numdependencies)
    } else {
        // if no dependencies. mark it as finished
        t.donechan <- true
    }

}

func createtask(taskname string) *task {
    return &task{
        isdone:          false,
        taskname:        taskname,
        dependencies:    nil,
        subscribers:     nil,
        numdependencies: 0,
        donechan:        make(chan bool),
    }
}

func main() {

    taska := createtask("a")
    taskb := createtask("b")
    taskc := createtask("c")
    taskd := createtask("d")
    taske := createtask("e")

    taskd.setdependency([]*task{taska, taskb})
    taske.setdependency([]*task{taskc, taskd})

    alltasks := []*task{taska, taskb, taskc, taskd, taske}
    var wg sync.waitgroup
    for _, t := range alltasks {
        wg.add(1)
        go func(t *task) {
            defer wg.done()
            t.start()
        }(t)

    }
    wg.wait()

}

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Example output:

(base) ninjakx@Kritis-MacBook-Pro Practice % go run task.go
Running Task D
Running Task B
Running Task C
Updating dependency for task: B to 0
Running Task E
Task B is getting executed...
Updating dependency for task: C to 0
Running Task A
Task C is getting executed...
Task C is done!! <-------
Updating dependency for task: D to 2
Set subscriber D to task A
Set subscriber D to task B
Task D has 2 dependencies and waiting for them to get finished
Task B is done!! <-------
No of dependencies for task D is: 2
Updating dependency for task: E to 2
Set subscriber E to task C
Set subscriber E to task D
Task E has 2 dependencies and waiting for them to get finished
No of dependencies for task E is: 2
No of dependencies for task D is: 2
No of dependencies for task E is: 2
Updating dependency for task: A to 0
task B has informed subscriber D
Updating dependency for task: D to 0
Task A is getting executed...
Task A is done!! <-------

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Due to the above missing implementation, currently 5 data races are found.

Correct answer

I think you can achieve the above scenario using a smaller task structure and some help from waitgroup for synchronization.

This is an example of me putting some notes together to explain.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

// tasks holds an id ( for ease of debugging )
// a buffered channel that is only used for signaling when the task is executed
// and finally a list of dependency tasks
type task struct {
    id           string
    done         chan struct{}
    dependencies []*task
}

// run is where all the logic happens
//
// we create a waitgroup that will be the size of the dependencies for the current task
// and we will wait until all tasks have signaled that they have executed.
//
// when all the dependencies have signaled through their channel that they are done
// then the current task is free to execute and then signal any potential waiting task.
func (t *task) run(done func()) {
    wg := sync.waitgroup{}
    wg.add(len(t.dependencies))

    for _, task := range t.dependencies {
        go func(dep *task) {
            fmt.printf("%s is waiting for task %s to finish\n", t.id, dep.id)
            <-dep.done
            wg.done()
        }(task)
    }

    wg.wait()

    // emulate work
    time.sleep(time.duration(rand.intn(5-1)+1) * time.second)

    fmt.printf("job %s ran\n", t.id)
    t.done <- struct{}{}
    done()
}

func newtask(id string) *task {
    return &task{
        id: id,
        // we need buffered size here, else the task will be blocked until someone will read the channel on `run`
        done: make(chan struct{}, 1),
    }
}

func (t *task) setdeps(deps ...*task) {
    t.dependencies = append(t.dependencies, deps...)
}

// executetasks simply runs all the tasks concurrently and waits until every tasks is completed
func executetasks(tasks ...*task) {
    fmt.println("starting execution")

    wg := sync.waitgroup{}
    wg.add(len(tasks))

    for _, task := range tasks {
        go task.run(wg.done)
    }

    wg.wait()

    fmt.println("end of execution")
}

func main() {
    // initialise the tasks
    a := newtask("a")
    b := newtask("b")
    c := newtask("c")
    d := newtask("d")
    e := newtask("e")
    // and set dependencies
    // a.setdeps(d)
    d.setdeps(a, b)
    e.setdeps(d, c)

    // then we "try" to execute all the tasks.
    executetasks(a, b, c, d, e)
}

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Of course this is not a perfect solution, I can think of a lot of situations that have not been dealt with

For example

Circular dependencies will eventually lead to deadlock a => d and d => a
Or if multiple tasks depend on another task, the reason is that you can only read the same value from a channel once.

To solve the first problem, you may need to build the dependency graph and check if it is cyclic. For the second one, the hacky way might be

go func(dep *Task) {
        fmt.Printf("%s is waiting for task %s to finish\n", t.id, dep.id)
        <-dep.done
        // put the value back if anyone else is also dependent
        dep.done <- struct{}{}
        wg.Done()
}(task)

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