Essential for Golang programmers: summary of common libraries and practical applications

Must-read for Golang programmers: Summary of commonly used libraries and practical applications

Introduction:
Go language (Golang) is a powerful statically typed programming language , its concise syntax and efficient performance make it widely used in various fields. As a Golang programmer, it is very important to understand and master some commonly used libraries to improve development efficiency and code quality. This article will introduce some commonly used Golang libraries and give specific practical application examples.

1. Network development library

1. net/http
   net/http is one of the standard libraries of the Go language. It provides support for the HTTP protocol, allowing developers to Create and handle HTTP requests and responses very conveniently. The following is an example of using the net/http library to create a simple web service:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func mainHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello, World!")
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", mainHandler)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

2. gin
   gin is a lightweight web framework developed based on the net/http library and has High performance and flexible features. The following is an example of using the gin library to create a simple web service:

package main

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()

    r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello, World!")
    })

    r.Run(":8080")
}

2. Database operation library

1. database/sql
   database/sql is in Go language One of the standard libraries, which provides an operation interface for the database. Use database/sql to connect to various types of databases, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, etc. The following is an example of using the database/sql library to connect to a MySQL database and perform query operations:

package main

import (
    "database/sql"
    "fmt"

    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

func main() {
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "user:password@tcp(host:port)/database")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Failed to connect to database:", err)
        return
    }
    defer db.Close()

    rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM users")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Failed to query from database:", err)
        return
    }
    defer rows.Close()

    for rows.Next() {
        var id int
        var name string
        err := rows.Scan(&id, &name)
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println("Failed to scan rows:", err)
            return
        }
        fmt.Println("ID:", id, "Name:", name)
    }
}

2. gorm
   gorm is a powerful ORM library that provides simple and convenient database operations. methods, and supports multiple database types. The following is an example of using the gorm library to connect to a MySQL database and perform query operations:

package main

import (
    "fmt"

    "gorm.io/driver/mysql"
    "gorm.io/gorm"
)

type User struct {
    ID   uint
    Name string
}

func main() {
    dsn := "user:password@tcp(host:port)/database"
    db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Failed to connect to database:", err)
        return
    }
    defer db.Close()

    var users []User
    result := db.Find(&users)
    if result.Error != nil {
        fmt.Println("Failed to query from database:", result.Error)
        return
    }

    for _, user := range users {
        fmt.Println("ID:", user.ID, "Name:", user.Name)
    }
}

3. Log processing library

1. log
   log is the standard of the Go language One of the packages that provides simple logging functionality. The following is an example of using the log library to record logs:

package main

import (
    "log"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    file, err := os.Create("app.log")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Failed to create log file:", err)
    }
    defer file.Close()

    log.SetOutput(file)
    log.Println("This is a log message")
}

2. zap
   zap is a high-performance log library with rich features, such as structured logs and highly customizable wait. The following is an example of using the zap library to record logs:

package main

import "go.uber.org/zap"

func main() {
    logger, _ := zap.NewProduction()
    defer logger.Sync()

    logger.Info("This is a log message")
}

Summary:
This article introduces common Golang libraries in network development, database operations and log processing, and gives specific instructions. Practical application examples. Mastering these common libraries will help improve development efficiency and code quality. I hope it will be helpful to Golang programmers!

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