An in-depth analysis of the new features of PHP8 worth looking forward to

In-depth explanation of the new features of PHP8: Why is it worth looking forward to?

With the continuous development of the Internet, PHP, as a very popular server-side scripting language, has been widely used in the field of website development. With the release of PHP8, it brings a series of eye-catching new features and improvements. In this article, we will explain in depth the new features of PHP8 and provide you with specific code examples to better understand their practical application.

1. JIT compiler

The JIT (just in time compilation) compiler is the most important new feature in PHP8. By introducing JIT, PHP8 can dynamically compile bytecode into local machine code, thereby improving the execution efficiency of applications. The following is an example of the use of the JIT compiler:

<?php
opcache_compile_file('file.php');
?>

2. Improvements in function parameter type declaration

PHP8 further improves the function of function parameter type declaration, supporting more accurate types examine. Now, you can use the mixed type to declare that a parameter can accept multiple different types:

<?php
function example(mixed $param) {
  // 函数体
}
?>

In addition, PHP8 also introduced the readonly attribute, which is used to declare that only Read parameters:

<?php
function example(readonly array $param) {
  // 函数体
}
?>

3. New throw expression

PHP8 introduces a new throw expression, which can throw exceptions directly in the expression. Here is an example using throw expressions:

<?php
$value = $_GET['value'] ?? throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid value');
?>

4. Property types and default values

PHP8 introduces more powerful type declaration capabilities for properties. Now, you can specify a type for the attribute and set a default value:

<?php
class Example {
  public string $name = 'John Doe';
}
?>

5. Match expression

PHP8 introduces a new match expression (match expression), which provides More flexible and clear syntax to handle complex conditional judgments. The following is an example of using a match expression:

<?php
$value = 2;

$result = match($value) {
    1 => 'One',
    2 => 'Two',
    default => 'Other',
};

echo $result; // 输出：Two
?>

6. Other improvements

In addition to the above features, PHP8 also brings many other improvements, such as named ## The new operator #nullsafe makes it easier to handle possibly null values ​​in the method chain; the new string functions, such as str_contains and str_starts_with, etc., use Common operations for processing strings; and the abandonment of traditional tag syntax.

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