How to perform network security scanning and penetration testing of Linux systems

In today's network environment, Linux system network security scanning and penetration testing are becoming more and more important. In order to ensure system security and stability, network security scanning of the system is essential. At the same time, the purpose of penetration testing is to discover and correct system security problems.

This article will introduce how to conduct network security scanning and penetration testing of Linux systems. We'll use some common tools and techniques, including open source tools like Nmap and Metasploit.

1. Nmap scanning

Nmap is a commonly used network scanning tool that can perform port scanning, service identification and other operations on the target host. The following is a simple command line example:

nmap -sS -A -T4 target_ip

Among them, -sS means using TCP SYN scanning mode, -A means enabling operating system detection and service version scanning, and -T4 means using high-speed scanning mode.

2. Metasploit Penetration Testing

Metasploit is an open source penetration testing framework that can be used to test network and application vulnerabilities. The following is a simple command line example:

msfconsole
use exploit/multi/handler
set payload payload_name
set lhost local_ip
set lport local_port
exploit

Among them, msfconsole represents starting the Metasploit console, use exploit/multi/handler represents using multiple attack load handlers, set payload payload_name represents setting the name of the attack load, and set lhost local_ip and set lport local_port respectively represent setting the IP address and port number of the attacker's host, and exploit represents executing the attack.

3. Vulnerability Scanning

In addition to using Nmap and Metasploit, you can also use other vulnerability scanning tools for network security testing. The following are some commonly used vulnerability scanning tools:

(1) OpenVAS: OpenVAS is an open source vulnerability scanner that can scan vulnerabilities in various operating systems and applications.

(2) Nexpose: Nexpose is a commercial vulnerability scanning tool that can be used to scan vulnerabilities in various operating systems, applications, and network devices.

(3) NESSUS: NESSUS is a widely used vulnerability scanner that can be used to scan vulnerabilities in various operating systems, applications, and network devices.

4. Firewall settings

The IPtables firewall is built into the Linux system, which can filter and securely control inbound and outbound network traffic. The following are some commonly used IPtables firewall rules:

(1) Only allow traffic from the specified IP address:

iptables -A INPUT -s allowed_ip -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

Among them, allowed_ip represents the allowed IP address.

(2) Only allow traffic on the specified port:

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport allowed_port -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

Among them, allowed_port represents the allowed port.

(3) Only allow traffic of the specified protocol:

iptables -A INPUT -p allowed_protocol -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

Among them, allowed_protocol represents the allowed protocol.

Summary

This article introduces how to perform network security scanning and penetration testing of Linux systems. We used some commonly used tools and techniques, including open source tools such as Nmap and Metasploit. At the same time, we also discussed some IPtables firewall rules to ensure the security and stability of the system.

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