Git code merging skills: project experience sharing

Git code merging skills: project experience sharing

In the software development process, code merging is a very important link. Especially in multi-person collaborative development projects, branches created by different developers need to be merged to ensure the integrity and consistency of the code. This article will share some Git code merging tips and experiences to help developers merge code more efficiently.

1. Keep branches clean and synchronized

Before merging code, you must first ensure that your branches are clean and synchronized. Clean means that the branch should not contain any uncommitted code modifications, while synchronized means that the branch should be developed based on the latest master branch.

In order to keep the branch clean and synchronized, we can take the following steps:

1. Commit all code modifications
   Before merging the code, make sure that all The code is modified to the local warehouse. Use git add . to add all modified files to the staging area, and then use git commit -m "commit message" to submit all modified files to the local warehouse.
2. Update the main branch
   Use git checkout main to switch to the main branch, and then use git pull to pull the latest code modifications.
3. Merge main branch to development branch
   Switch to your own development branch and use git merge main to merge the latest main branch code into your own development branch. If there are conflicts that need to be resolved, you can use the merge tool provided by Git or manually modify the conflicting code.

2. Choose the appropriate merge strategy

Git provides different merge strategies for handling conflicts when merging code. Commonly used merge strategies include the following:

1. Merge commit
   This is the most commonly used merge strategy. Use the git merge command to merge the code of other branches into the current branch. . This merge strategy preserves the history of the original commits and is relatively simple.
2. Rebase
   Rebase is a merge strategy in which the commits of the current branch are placed after the latest commit of the target branch. Use the git rebase command to rebase the commit of the current branch to the latest commit of the target branch. The commit history after rebasing is cleaner, but it will also change the order of commits.
3. Three-party merge
   Three-party merge refers to a merge strategy that merges the target branch, your own branch, and a common ancestor branch. Use git merge -s recursive to perform a three-way merge. This merge strategy can handle conflicts in multiple branches at the same time, but it needs to ensure code consistency.

Select the appropriate merge strategy based on specific project needs and development scenarios. In projects developed through multi-person collaboration, merge commit or rebase strategies are usually used.

3. Resolve code conflicts

During the process of code merging, code conflicts may occur. Code conflict means that the same part of code is modified by multiple branches at the same time, and Git cannot determine which branch's code to use. When code conflicts occur, we need to resolve the conflicts manually.

You can take the following steps to resolve code conflicts:

1. Use the git status command to view conflicting files
   Conflicted files will be marked as unmerged , use git status to view the list of conflicting files.
2. Manually resolve code conflicts
   To open conflicting files, Git will use and >>> ;>>>>Mark conflicting code blocks. Based on the actual situation, choose to retain the required code blocks, delete conflict markers, and fix bugs that may be introduced due to conflicts.
3. Use the git add command to mark the conflict resolved
   After resolving the conflict, use the git add command to mark the conflicting file as resolved.
4. Submit the resolved code
   Use the git commit -m "resolve conflict"command to submit the code after the conflict is resolved.

4. Use Pull Request for code review

Before merging the code, it is a very good practice to use Pull Request (Pull Reqeust) for code review. Through Pull Request, other developers can review the code, discover potential problems and bugs, and give suggestions for improvement.

You can take the following steps to use Pull Request for code review:

1. Push your own development branch to the remote warehouse before merging the code. Use the git push origin branch_name command to push the local branch to the remote warehouse.
2. Create a Pull Request in the remote warehouse. Through the web interface of the remote warehouse, select your own branch and target branch, and create a Pull Request.
3. Remind other developers to conduct code reviews. Through the Pull Request interface, you can remind other developers to conduct code reviews in comments.
4. Make changes based on the review results. Modify the code and submit it to your own branch based on the review comments of other developers.
5. After completing the code review, the code can be merged into the target branch. Through the Pull Request interface, click the merge button to merge the code into the target branch.

The above are some tips and experience sharing on Git code merging. By keeping branches clean and synchronized, choosing appropriate merge strategies, resolving code conflicts, and using Pull Requests for code reviews, developers can merge code more efficiently and ensure the code quality and stability of the project. I hope these experiences will be helpful to everyone.

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