How to design a secure MySQL table structure to implement multi-factor authentication?

How to design a secure MySQL table structure to implement multi-factor authentication?

With the rapid development of the Internet, user account security issues have become increasingly prominent. The traditional login method of username and password has gradually been unable to meet current security needs. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is widely used as a more secure login method.

When designing a secure MySQL table structure to implement multi-factor authentication function, we need to consider the following aspects: user table, authentication record table and authentication factor table.

1. User table design:
   The user table stores the user's basic information, including user name, password, etc. In multi-factor authentication, we can add a column to the user table to indicate the user's multi-factor authentication turned on status. For example, we add a Boolean column named is_mfa_enabled to the user table. The default value is 0, which means multi-factor authentication is not enabled, and the value is 1, which means multi-factor authentication is enabled.

CREATE TABLE users (
id INT(11) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
is_mfa_enabled TINYINT(1) DEFAULT 0
);

2. Authentication record table design:
   The authentication record table is used to record the user's multi-factor authentication activities. We can store information such as user ID, authentication factor type (such as SMS verification code, Google Authenticator, etc.), authentication factor value, and authentication result.

CREATE TABLE authentication_logs (
id INT(11) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
user_id INT(11) NOT NULL,
factor_type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
factor_value VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
result TINYINT(1) NOT NULL,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

3. Authentication factor table design:
   Authentication factor The table is used to store various authentication factors enabled by each user and associate them with the user table. We can assign a unique ID to each authentication factor and store information such as the name and type of the authentication factor in a table.

CREATE TABLE authentication_factors (
id INT(11) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
user_id INT(11) NOT NULL,
factor_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
factor_type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);

The above is a simple table structure design example, which can be expanded and optimized according to actual needs.

The process of using this table structure to implement multi-factor authentication is as follows:

1. After the user successfully registers or logs in, he or she can choose to turn on multi-factor authentication.
2. The user selects the authentication factors to be turned on (such as SMS verification code, Google authenticator, etc.) on the settings page.
3. After the user selects and binds the authentication factor, insert a record in the authentication factor table and associate it with the user ID.
4. When a user logs in, the system determines whether multi-factor authentication is required based on whether multi-factor authentication is turned on in the user table.
5. If multi-factor authentication is required, the system prompts the user to enter the value of the bound authentication factor.
6. After the user enters the value of the authentication factor, the system verifies the value of the authentication factor entered by the user and the records in the authentication factor table. If the verification is successful, the login is successful, otherwise the login fails.
7. Each authentication behavior will insert an authentication record into the authentication record table for auditing and logging.

To sum up, by reasonably designing the MySQL table structure and combining it with relevant business logic, we can implement a secure multi-factor authentication function. Of course, in order to further improve the security of the system, we also need to strengthen protection measures such as encrypted storage of passwords and preventing SQL injection.

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