Practical application cases of PHP SSO single sign-on in multi-system integration

Practical application case of PHP SSO single sign-on in multi-system integration

Introduction:
With the rapid development of the Internet and the growth of user needs, more and more More and more websites and applications require user single sign-on (SSO) functionality. As a widely used server-side scripting language, PHP is flexible, simple and easy to integrate, making it the first choice of many developers. This article will introduce a PHP-based single sign-on solution and demonstrate its application in multi-system integration through practical cases.

1. What is single sign-on (SSO)?

Single sign-on (SSO) means that users can access multiple systems with different authentications through only one login. The traditional login method is that each system has its own login page and verification logic, and users need to log in separately in each system. The SSO solution enables users to seamlessly access multiple systems by sharing authentication information.

2. PHP single sign-on solution

We choose to use PHP’s session and cookie mechanisms to implement the SSO function. Specifically, we need a central authentication system and multiple subsystems. The central authentication system is responsible for user login, logout and verification functions, while the subsystem implements single sign-on by requesting the central authentication system to verify user identity.

The following is a pseudocode example of the central authentication system:

<?php

// 登录验证
function login($username, $password){
    // 验证用户名和密码是否正确
    if(checkCredentials($username, $password)){
        // 验证成功，生成验证凭证
        $token = generateToken($username);

        // 将验证凭证存入session
        $_SESSION['token'] = $token;
        $_SESSION['username'] = $username;

        // 将验证凭证存入cookie
        setcookie('token', $token, time() + 3600);
        
        return true;
    }
    
    return false;
}

// 验证凭证是否有效
function validateToken($token){
    // 从session或cookie中获取存储的验证凭证
    $storedToken = $_SESSION['token'] ?? '';
    
    // 比较验证凭证是否一致
    if($token === $storedToken){
        return true;
    }
    
    // 验证凭证不一致，需要重新登录
    return false;
}

// 注销登录
function logout(){
    // 清空session和cookie
    $_SESSION = [];
    setcookie('token', '', time() - 3600);
}

// 检查用户名和密码是否正确
function checkCredentials($username, $password){
    // 根据实际业务逻辑进行验证
}

// 生成验证凭证
function generateToken($username){
    // 根据实际情况生成一个唯一的验证凭证
    return md5(uniqid($username, true));
}

?>

Next, we need to implement the function of verifying user identity in the subsystem. The following is a pseudocode example of the subsystem:

<?php

// 子系统验证用户身份
function validateUser(){
    // 从请求中获取验证凭证
    $token = $_COOKIE['token'] ?? '';

    // 向中央认证系统发送验证请求
    $validationUrl = 'https://central_auth_server/validate_token.php?token=' . $token;
    $response = file_get_contents($validationUrl);
    
    // 根据中央认证系统的响应结果判断验证是否成功
    if($response === 'true'){
        return true;
    }
    
    // 验证失败，需要重新登录
    return false;
}

?>

3. Practical application case

Now let’s look at a specific practical application case: Suppose we have an e-commerce website, including a user management center and shopping cart system are two subsystems. After the user logs in at the user management center, he or she can access the shopping cart system without logging in again.

The login logic of the user management center is as follows:

<?php
session_start();
include 'central_auth.php';

if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST'){
    $username = $_POST['username'];
    $password = $_POST['password'];

    if(login($username, $password)){
        // 登录成功，进行对应的操作
    }
    else{
        // 登录失败，提示错误信息
    }
}
?>

The login verification logic of the shopping cart system is as follows:

<?php
include 'central_auth.php';

if(!validateUser()){
    // 用户身份验证失败，重定向至用户管理中心进行登录
    header('Location: https://user_management_center/login.php');
    exit();
}

// 用户身份验证成功，继续后续操作
?>

Through the above code example, we can see that the central authentication system The user's login and verification are encapsulated, and the subsystem only needs to simply use functions to call it to implement SSO single sign-on.

4. Summary

Through the demonstration of the above case, we have learned about the practical application of PHP single sign-on (SSO) in multi-system integration. Through a central authentication system, users can access multiple systems with only one login. This solution can save users' time and energy, improve user experience, and has broad application prospects in numerous websites and applications. Similarly, developers can also customize and extend the above code according to actual needs to meet specific business needs.

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