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Golang development: using Websocket to implement real-time chat application

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Release： 2023-09-20 13:15:28

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Golang development: using Websocket to implement real-time chat application

Golang development: Real-time chat application using Websocket

In today's Internet era, real-time communication has become an indispensable part of people's lives. Whether it is instant messaging, real-time chat or real-time updates, an efficient and stable communication method is required to achieve it. Websocket is a protocol that is very suitable for real-time communication.

Golang is a simple and efficient programming language with excellent concurrency performance and is very suitable for developing real-time communication applications. This article will introduce how to use Golang's Websocket library to implement a real-time chat application and provide corresponding code examples.

First, we need to create a Golang project and introduce Golang's Websocket library.

package main

import (
    "log"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gorilla/websocket"
)

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Next, we need to define some global variables and structures.

var clients = make(map[*websocket.Conn]bool) // 客户端集合
var broadcast = make(chan Message)           // 广播消息通道

// 消息结构体
type Message struct {
    Username string `json:"username"`
    Message  string `json:"message"`
}

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Then, we need to implement a function that handles Websocket connections.

func handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // 升级HTTP连接为Websocket连接
    upgrader := websocket.Upgrader{}
    conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // 将连接添加到客户端集合中
    clients[conn] = true

    // 关闭连接时，从客户端集合中移除
    defer func() {
        delete(clients, conn)
        conn.Close()
    }()

    // 循环接收和发送消息
    for {
        var message Message
        err := conn.ReadJSON(&message)
        if err != nil {
            log.Printf("error: %v", err)
            delete(clients, conn)
            break
        }
        broadcast <- message
    }
}

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Next, we need to implement a function that broadcasts the message to all clients.

func broadcastMessages() {
    for {
        // 从广播通道中接收消息
        message := <-broadcast

        // 将消息发送给所有客户端
        for client := range clients {
            err := client.WriteJSON(message)
            if err != nil {
                log.Printf("error: %v", err)
                client.Close()
                delete(clients, client)
            }
        }
    }
}

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Finally, we need to start the Websocket server in the main function.

func main() {
    // 设置静态文件目录
    fs := http.FileServer(http.Dir("public"))
    http.Handle("/", fs)

    // 设置Websocket路由
    http.HandleFunc("/ws", handleWebSocket)

    // 启动Websocket服务器
    go broadcastMessages()

    // 开始监听端口
    log.Println("Server started on :8080")
    err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
}

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Next, we can create an HTML page to implement the user interface.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>实时聊天应用</title>
</head>

<body>
  <h1>实时聊天应用</h1>
  
  <div id="message-container"></div>
  
  <form>
    <input type="text" id="username" placeholder="请输入用户名">
    <input type="text" id="message" placeholder="请输入消息">
    <button type="button" onclick="sendMessage()">发送</button>
  </form>

  <script>
    // 创建Websocket连接
    var socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/ws");
    
    // 监听连接事件
    socket.onopen = function() {
      console.log("连接成功");
    };
    
    // 监听消息事件
    socket.onmessage = function(event) {
      var message = JSON.parse(event.data);
      var username = message.username;
      var content = message.message;
      var container = document.getElementById("message-container");
      container.innerHTML += "<p><b>" + username + "：</b>" + content + "</p>";
    };
    
    // 监听错误事件
    socket.onerror = function(error) {
      console.log("出现错误：" + error);
    }
    
    // 监听关闭事件
    socket.onclose = function(event) {
      console.log("连接关闭");
    }
    
    // 发送消息
    function sendMessage() {
      var username = document.getElementById("username").value;
      var message = document.getElementById("message").value;
      if (username && message) {
        var data = {
          username: username,
          message: message
        };
        socket.send(JSON.stringify(data));
        document.getElementById("message").value = "";
      }
    }
  </script>
</body>

</html>

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So far, we have completed an example of using Golang's Websocket library to implement a real-time chat application. Through this example, we can deeply understand the working principle of Websocket and learn how to use Golang to develop real-time communication applications.

Of course, there are many details and security considerations in actual projects, such as verifying messages, using SSL encryption, etc. But with this example, you already have a good starting point for building your own live chat application. Happy coding!

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