Understand the underlying development principles of PHP: coding standards and best practice guidelines

Understand the underlying development principles of PHP: coding standards and best practice guidelines

In today's Web development field, PHP, as a widely used scripting language, is Chosen as the tool of choice by many developers. However, for many PHP developers, understanding the underlying development principles of PHP and how to write standardized code can be a challenge. This article will introduce some basic principles of PHP underlying development, as well as coding standards and best practice guidelines to help readers improve the efficiency and quality of PHP development.

1. Principles of underlying development of PHP

1. The internal structure and operating mechanism of PHP

Understanding the internal structure and operating mechanism of PHP is essential for underlying development It's important. PHP is an analytical scripting language that uses an interpreter to convert source code into executable commands for execution. The interpreter is implemented by Zend Engine, a PHP interpreter written in C. It is responsible for parsing PHP source code into intermediate code, then converting it into machine code through the JIT compiler, and finally executing it in memory.

2. Memory management and performance optimization

In the underlying development of PHP, memory management and performance optimization are very important. PHP uses a garbage collection mechanism to automatically release memory that is no longer needed, but developers still need to pay attention to memory usage to avoid memory leaks and over-allocation problems. At the same time, optimizing the execution efficiency of the code is also the key to improving performance. For example, measures such as avoiding frequent file read and write operations, reducing the number of database queries, and rationally using cache can improve performance.

2. PHP Coding Standards

Good coding standards are an important factor in ensuring code quality and readability. In the underlying development of PHP, the following are some common coding standard suggestions:

1. Use PSR standards

The commonly used coding standard in PHP is PHP-FIG (PHP Framework Interop Group ) developed PSR (PHP Standard Recommendation). Following the PSR specification can enhance collaboration among developers and maintainability of code. For example, the PSR-1 specification defines basic coding styles and rules, and the PSR-2 specification further refines the code format convention on this basis.

2. Naming convention

Good naming convention can make the code easy to read and understand. Variable, function, and class names should start with a lowercase letter and use camelCase. Constant names should be in all uppercase letters, with underscores separating words. Also, avoid using abbreviations and non-descriptive names and try to use meaningful names.

3. Code indentation and formatting

Code indentation and formatting are very important for code readability. In PHP, 4 spaces or 1 tab are usually used as an indentation level. Also, use appropriate spaces and line breaks to delineate code blocks and logical hierarchies. In addition, pay attention to the consistency of code alignment and indentation, and avoid overly long lines and complex expressions.

3. Best practices for PHP development

In addition to coding standards, there are also some best practices for underlying PHP development that can help developers improve efficiency and code quality.

1. Error handling and logging

Good error handling and logging are important measures to ensure program stability. In PHP, you can use try-catch statements to catch exceptions and use a logging library to log error information to a file or database. In addition, it is recommended to set different error reporting levels and error display methods for the development environment and production environment.

2. Security Considerations

Protecting the security of applications is one of the developers' responsibilities. In the underlying development of PHP, you need to pay attention to the verification and filtering of user input to avoid security threats such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting attacks. These risks can be effectively reduced using PHP's built-in filter functions and regular expressions.

3. Unit testing and documentation

Unit testing and documentation are important means to ensure code quality and maintainability. Using PHP's testing framework such as PHPUnit for unit testing can verify the correctness of the code and provide feedback during the development process. At the same time, writing clear and complete documentation in a timely manner can enable other developers to better understand and use your code.

Summary:

By understanding the underlying development principles of PHP, following coding standards and implementing best practices, developers can improve the efficiency and quality of PHP development. These principles and techniques are not only applicable to the underlying development of PHP, but also help to improve the understanding and ability of the underlying development of other programming languages. I hope that the introduction of this article can bring some help to readers and make you more comfortable in the underlying development of PHP.

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